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Text 1Mark Twain once observed that giving up smoking is easy. He knew, because he’d done it hundreds of times himself, Giving up for ever is a trifle more difficult, apparently, and it is well known that it is much more difficult for some people than for others. Why is this soFew doctors believe any longer that it is simply a question of will power. And for those people that continue to view addicts as merely "weak", recent genetic research may force a rethink. A study conducted by Jacqueline Vink, of the Free University of Amsterdam, used a database called the Netherlands Twin Register to analyse the smoking habits of twins. Her results suggest that an individual’s degree of nicotine dependence, and even the number of cigarettes he smokes per day, are strongly genetically influenced.The Netherlands Twin Register is a voluntary database that is prized by geneticists because they allow the comparison of identical twins (who share all their genes) with fraternal twins (who share half). In this case, however, Dr. Vink did not make use of that fact. For her, the database was merely a convenient repository of information. Instead of comparing identical and fraternal twins, she concentrated on the adult fraternal twins, most of whom had completed questionnaires about their habits, including smoking, and 536 of whom had given DNA samples to the register.The human genome is huge. It consists of billions of DNA "letters", some of which can be strung together to make sense (the genes),but many of which have either no function, or an unknown function. To follow what is going on, geneticists rely on markers they have identified within the genome. These are places where the genetic letters may vary between individuals. If a particular variant is routinely associated with a particular physical feature or a behaviour pattern, it suggests that a particular version of a nearby gene is influencing that feature or behaviour.Dr. Vink hopes that finding genes responsible for nicotine dependence will make it possible to identify the causes of such dependence. That will help to classify smokers better (some are social smokers while others are physically addicted) and thus enable "quitting" programmes to be customised.Results such as Dr. Vink’s must be interpreted with care. Association studies, as such projects are known, have a disturbing habit of disappearing, as it were, in a puff of smoke when someone tries to replicate them. But if Dr. Vink really has exposed a genetic link with addiction, then Mark Twain’s problem may eventually become a thing of the past. The word "customized" (Lines 3～4, Paragraph 5) can best be substituted by（）
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Most of us would like to be both (1) and creative. Why was Thomas Edison able to invent so many things Was he simply more intelligent than most people Did he spend long hours toiling away in private Surprisingly, when Edison was a young boy, his teacher told him he was too (2) to learn anything. Other famous people whose creative genius went (3) when they were young include Walt Disney, who was fired from a newspaper job because he did not have any good ideas and Enrico Caruso, whose music teacher told him that his (4) was terrible.Disney, Edison and Caruso were intelligent and creative men; (5) , experts on creativity believe that intelligence is not the same as creativity. Creativity is the ability to think about something in new and unusual ways, and to (6) out unique solutions to problems. When creative people are asked what enables them to solve problems in new ways, they say that the ability to find affinities between (7) unrelated elements plays a key role. They also say that they have the time and independence in a(an) (8) setting to (9) a wide range of possible solutions to a problem.How strongly is creativity (10) to intelligence (11) most creative people are quite intelligent, the (12) is not necessarily true. Many highly intelligent people (13) measured by IQ tests) are not very creative.Some experts remain skeptical that we will ever fully understand the creative process. Others believe that a psychology of creativity is within reach. Most experts agree, (14) , that the concept of creativity as (15) bubbling up from a magical (16) is a myth. Momentary (17) of insight, (18) by images, make up a (19) part of the creative ’process. At the heart of the creative process are ability and experience that (20) an individual’s effort, often over the course of a lifetime. Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.8（）
Most of us would like to be both (1) and creative. Why was Thomas Edison able to invent so many things Was he simply more intelligent than most people Did he spend long hours toiling away in private Surprisingly, when Edison was a young boy, his teacher told him he was too (2) to learn anything. Other famous people whose creative genius went (3) when they were young include Walt Disney, who was fired from a newspaper job because he did not have any good ideas and Enrico Caruso, whose music teacher told him that his (4) was terrible.Disney, Edison and Caruso were intelligent and creative men; (5) , experts on creativity believe that intelligence is not the same as creativity. Creativity is the ability to think about something in new and unusual ways, and to (6) out unique solutions to problems. When creative people are asked what enables them to solve problems in new ways, they say that the ability to find affinities between (7) unrelated elements plays a key role. They also say that they have the time and independence in a(an) (8) setting to (9) a wide range of possible solutions to a problem.How strongly is creativity (10) to intelligence (11) most creative people are quite intelligent, the (12) is not necessarily true. Many highly intelligent people (13) measured by IQ tests) are not very creative.Some experts remain skeptical that we will ever fully understand the creative process. Others believe that a psychology of creativity is within reach. Most experts agree, (14) , that the concept of creativity as (15) bubbling up from a magical (16) is a myth. Momentary (17) of insight, (18) by images, make up a (19) part of the creative ’process. At the heart of the creative process are ability and experience that (20) an individual’s effort, often over the course of a lifetime. Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.14（）
Most of us would like to be both (1) and creative. Why was Thomas Edison able to invent so many things Was he simply more intelligent than most people Did he spend long hours toiling away in private Surprisingly, when Edison was a young boy, his teacher told him he was too (2) to learn anything. Other famous people whose creative genius went (3) when they were young include Walt Disney, who was fired from a newspaper job because he did not have any good ideas and Enrico Caruso, whose music teacher told him that his (4) was terrible.Disney, Edison and Caruso were intelligent and creative men; (5) , experts on creativity believe that intelligence is not the same as creativity. Creativity is the ability to think about something in new and unusual ways, and to (6) out unique solutions to problems. When creative people are asked what enables them to solve problems in new ways, they say that the ability to find affinities between (7) unrelated elements plays a key role. They also say that they have the time and independence in a(an) (8) setting to (9) a wide range of possible solutions to a problem.How strongly is creativity (10) to intelligence (11) most creative people are quite intelligent, the (12) is not necessarily true. Many highly intelligent people (13) measured by IQ tests) are not very creative.Some experts remain skeptical that we will ever fully understand the creative process. Others believe that a psychology of creativity is within reach. Most experts agree, (14) , that the concept of creativity as (15) bubbling up from a magical (16) is a myth. Momentary (17) of insight, (18) by images, make up a (19) part of the creative ’process. At the heart of the creative process are ability and experience that (20) an individual’s effort, often over the course of a lifetime. Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.5（）
Which city has the biggest population in Canada
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