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Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe.Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 45 percent of rep-tile (爬行动物) species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr. Peter Baum, an expert in the Environment and Nature Resources Division of the Council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators (管理人员) of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the Council’s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr. Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid the public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr. Baum clearly remained a stronger supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction, he went on. The short-sighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation (消遣) should be replaced by fui1 acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.Dr. Baum went on. "We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land. \ In Dr. Baum’s opinion, a true nature reserve（）
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Passage Two Want a glimpse of the future of health care Take a look at the way the various networks of people involved in patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient -- no matter where he or she may be. Online doctors offering advice based on standardized symptoms are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis (telemedicine) will be based on real physiological data from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using an off-the-shelf (现成的) PDA (personal data assistance) such as a Palm Pilot plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly feasible to transmit a patient’s vital signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment in a first-aid kit, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past. Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster response -- especially after earthquakes. Overall, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and expertise. But there is one problem. CT scans being one of the biggest bandwidth consumers. Communications satellites may be able to cope with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes, wars or famines. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of distributed medical intelligence. Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should usher in (迎来) an era when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, expert opinion and diagnosis are common. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
Since the 1960s, the British have become more adventurous in their diet and now eat a wide (67) of food from around the world. Many (68) foods such as beef and potatoes have given (69) to seafood and pasta dishes. Fast food has also become more (70) , and hamburger restaurants now (71) the traditional fish-and-chip shops (72) popularity. Numerous Chinese and Indian restaurants and pizza houses provide take-away (73) , and many pubs (public houses) serve (74) from snacks to full meals as well as alcoholic beverages. Traditional English dishes include roast beef and steak-and-kidney pie. The English generally eat three (75) a day. The traditional English breakfast consists (76) any or all of the following: bacon, sausages, grilled (77) fried tomatoes, mushrooms, eggs, or toast. (78) , fewer people now eat a cooked breakfast on a regular basis, (79) various combinations of cereal, toast, juice or fruit, and tea or coffee. The midday meal is usually (80) to as lunch and the evening meal as dinner or, when it is less formal, (81) supper. Northerners often (82) the midday meal dinner and the meal they have in the early evening "tea" The tradition of (83) tea, that is taking tea, biscuits, and cakes at about 4P. M., is (84) Similarly, many people (85) longer have more than a (86) lunch or snack in the middle of the day.
MemoTo: Mr. Louis Johnson, PresidentFrom.. Margaret Ellis, Health ConsultantDate: December 1, 2010Subject. Improving Computer User’s ComfortEnclosed is the report, "Improving Computer User’s Comfort", which you asked me to prepare. The report summarizes current research on the effects of computers on health and recommends changes for our computer users.I interviewed over 60 employees of Far East Trade Development Company in the last six months and consulted with health experts in eye and wrist fatigue. I also reviewed all the current literature available for computer health hazards (危险).My recommendations are as follows.1. Anti-radiation (防辐身) screens should be available for computer monitors.2. Devices to support the wrist of the computer user should be used to help maintain proper wrist position during computer use and possibly reduce the risk of wrist illnesses.3. Employees need adjustable chairs which can give their backs a stronger support.For the technical possibility of designing the anti-radiation screens, you may consult Mr. Joseph Miller, and for the specific application of wrist-support devices, you may consult Mr. Benjamin Stone, Technical Department. If you have any other questions or would like to discuss my recommendations, please let me know.MemoTo: Mr Louis Johnson, PresidentFrom.. Margaret Ellis, Health ConsultantDate; December 1, 2010Subject: Improving Computer User’s Comfort1. Margaret Ellis interviewed some computer users(46) ago to write the report.2. The report concerns mainly about the effects of computers on (47) Recommendations:1. The company should design devices to protect the computer users’s (48) and wrist.2. Adjustable chairs should be used to protect their (49) 3. Anti-radiation screens should be available, and the president may consult (50) about the de-signing of it. 48（）
Little House in the Big Woods In the Big Woods the snow was beginning to thaw. Bits of it dropped from the branches of the trees and made little holes in the softening snowbanks below. At noon all the big icicles (冰柱) along the eaves of the little house quivered and sparkled in the sunshine, and drops of water hung trembling at their tips. Pa said he must go to town to trade the furs of the wild animals he had been trapping all winter. So one evening he made a big bundle of them. There were so many furs that when they were packed tightly and tied together they made a bundle almost as big as Pa. The setting-out morning Very early one morning Pa strapped (用皮绳捆住) the bundle of furs on his shoulders, and started to walk to town. There were so many furs to carry that he could not take his gun. Ma was worried, but Pa said that by starting before sun-up and walking very fast all day he could get home before dark. The nearest town was far away. Laura and Mary had never seen a town. They had never seen a store. They had never seen even two houses standing together. But they knew that in a town there were many houses, and a store full of candy, calico (印花布)and other wonderful things -- powder, and salt, and store sugar. They knew that Pa would trade his furs to the storekeeper for beautiful things from town, and all day they were expecting the presents he would bring them. When the sun sank low above the treetops they began to watch eagerly for Pa. The breathtaking night The sun sank out of sight, the woods grew dark, and he did not come. Ma started supper and set the table, but he did not come. It was time to do the chores, and still he had not come. Ma said that Laura might come with her while she milked the cow. Laura could carry the lantern. Laura was proud to be helping Ma with the milking, and she carried the lantern very carefully. Its sides were of tin, with places cut in them for the candle-light to shine through. When Laura walked behind Ma on the path to the barn, the little bits of candle-light from the lantern leaped all around her on the snow. The night was not yet quite dark. The woods were dark, but there was a gray light on the snowy path, and in the sky there were a few faint stars. The stars did not look as warm and bright as the little lights that came from the lantern. Laura was surprised to see the dark shape of Sukey, the brown cow, standing at the barnyard gate. Ma was surprised, too. It was too early in the spring for Sukey to be let out in the Big Woods to eat grass. She lived in the barn. But sometimes on warm days Pa left the door of her stall (畜栏) open so she could come into the barnyard. Now Ma and Laura saw her behind the bars, waiting for them. Ma went up to the gate, and pushed against it to open it. But it did not open very far, because there was Sukey, standing against it. Ma said, "Sukey, get over!" She reached across the gate and slapped Sukey’s shoulder. Just then one of the dancing little bits of light from the lantern jumped between the bars of the gate, and Laura saw long, shaggy, black fur, and two little, glittering eyes. Sukey had thin, short, brown fur. Sukey had large, gentle eyes. Ma said, "Laura, walk back to the house." So Laura turned around and began to walk toward the house. Ma came behind her. When they had gone part way, Ma snatched her up, lantern and all, and ran. Ma ran with her into the house, and slammed the door. Then Laura said, "Ma, was it a bear" "Yes, Laura, "Ma said. "It was a bear." Laura began to cry. She hung on to Ma and sobbed, "Oh, will he eat Sukey" "No," Ma said, hugging her. "Sukey is safe in the barn. Think, Laura -- all those big, heavy logs in the barn walls. And the door is heavy and solid, made to keep bears out. No, the bear cannot get in and eat Sukey." Laura felt better then. "But he could have hurt us, couldn’t he" she asked. "He didn’t hurt us," Ma said. "You were a good girl, Laura, to do exactly as I told you, and to do it quickly, without asking why." Ma was trembling, and she began to laugh a little. "To think," she said, "I’ve slapped a bear!" Then she put supper on the table for Laura and Mary. Pa had not come yet. He didn’t come. Laura and Mary were undressed, and they said their prayers and went into bed. Ma sat by the lamp, mending one of Pa’s shirts. The house seemed cold and still and strange, without Pa. Laura listened to the wind in the Big Woods. All around the house the wind went crying as though it were lost in the dark and the cold. The wind sounded frightened. Ma finished mending the shirt. Laura saw her fold it slowly and carefully. She smoothed it with her hand. Then she did a thing she had never done before. She went to the door and pulled the leather latch-string through its hole in the door, so that nobody could get in from outside unless she lifted the latch. She came and took Carrie, sleeping, out of the big bed. She saw that Laura and Mary were still awake, and she said to them: "Go to sleep, girls. Everything is all right. Pa will be here in the morning." Then she went back to her rocking chair and sat there rocking gently and holding Baby Carrie in her arms.She was sitting up late, waiting for Pa, and Laura and Mary meant to stay awake, too, till he came. But at last they went to sleep. The return of Pa In the morning Pa was there. He had brought candy for Laura and Mary, and two pieces of pretty calico to make them each a dress. Mary’s was a china-blue pattern on a white ground, and Laura’s was dark red with little golden-brown dots on it. Ma had calico for a dress, too; it was brown, with a big, feathery white pattern all over it. They were all happy because Pa had got such good prices for his furs that he could afford to get them such beautiful presents. The tracks of the big bear were all around the barn, and there were marks of his claws on the walls. But Sukey and the horses were safe inside. Before the sun set that night, the bear tracks were only shapeless marks in the wet, soft snow. The town was far away from the house and Pa did not return until the next morning.
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