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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high degree of both international accord and ability to prevent goods from entering or leaving that country must be sustained. A total blockade of Petrie’s ports is necessary to an embargo, but such an action would be likely to cause international discord over the embargo. The claims above, if true, most strongly support which of the following conclusions

A. The balance of opinion is likely to favor Petrie in the event of a blockade.
B. As long as international opinion is unanimously against Petrie, a trade embargo is likely to succeed.
C. A naval blockade of Patria’s ports would ensure that no goods enter or leave Patria.
D. Any trade embargo against Petrie would be likely to fail at some time.
E. (E) For a blockade of Patria’s ports to be successful, international opinion must be unanimous.

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Public reports by national commissions, governors’ conferences, and leadership groups have stressed the great need for better understanding of international affairs by the citizenry. If the country is to remain a leading nation in an era of international competitiveness, the need is undeniable. If there is such a need for the citizenry to have a better understanding of international affairs, then all of our new teachers must be prepared to teach their subject matter with an international orientation. If all of the statements in the passage are true, which one of the following must also be true

A. If the country is to remain a leading nation in an era of international competitiveness, then new teachers must be prepared to teach their subject matter with an international orientation.
B. If new teachers are prepared to teach their subject matter with an international orientation, then the country will remain a leading nation in an era of international competitiveness.
C. If there is better understanding of international affairs by the citizenry, then the country will remain a leading nation in an era of international competitiveness.
D. If the country is to remain a leading nation in an era of international competitiveness, then there is no need for the citizenry to have a better understanding of international affairs.
E. (E) Public reports from various groups and commissions have stressed the need for a more international orientation in the education of teachers.

Konstantin Stanislavski’s justly praised method for training actors arose from Stanislavski’s own awkwardness and susceptibility to theatrical clichés as a young actor. The "method" must be understood in terms of Stanislavski’s personal search for release from the temptations of stock gestures, well-tried vocal intonations, and standard emotional formulas. Despite the pretensions of certain of his disciples in the United States, the Russian director never intended to formulate a textbook of rigid solutions to acting problems. It can be inferred that the author of the preceding statements about Stanislavski’s method holds which of the following opinions about acting

Acting is essentially spontaneous emotional expression, with which systematic training usually interferes.
B. The Stanislavski method has lost some of its flexibility and exploratory qualities’ as it has been used by some followers of Stanislavski in the United States.
C. The Stanislavski method has misled those actors in the United States who have adopted it.
D. Virtually the only advice young actors need be given is that they must systematically suppress theatrical clichés in their performances.
E. (E) The Stanislavski method is useful primarily for young actors who must overcome artificiality and immaturity in their performances.

The nuclear polyhedrosis virus helps control gypsy moth populations by killing the moth’s larvae. The virus is always present in the larvae, but only every sixth or seventh year does the virus seriously decimate the number of larvae, thereby drastically setting back the gypsy moth population. Scientists believe that the virus, ordinarily latent, is triggered only when the larvae experience biological stress. If the scientists mentioned above are correct, it can be inferred that the decimation of gypsy moth larvae populations by the nuclear polyhedrosis virus would be most likely to be triggered by which of the following conditions

A shift from drought conditions to normal precipitation in areas infested by gypsy moths.
B. The escalating stress of defoliation sustained by trees at tacked by gypsy moths for the second consecutive year.
C. Predation on larvae of all kinds by parasitic wasps and flies.
D. Starvation of the gypsy moth larvae as a result of overpopulation.
E. (E) Spraying of areas infested by gypsy moths with laboratory-raised nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

Unless negotiations begin soon, the cease-fire will be violated by one of the two sides to the dispute. Negotiations will be held only if other countries have pressured the two sides to negotiate; an agreement will emerge only if other countries continue such pressure throughout the negotiations. But no negotiations will be held until international troops enforcing the cease-fire have demonstrated their ability to counter any aggression from either side, thus suppressing a major incentive for the two sides to resume fighting. If the statements above are true, and if negotiations between the two sides do begin soon, at the time those negotiations begin each of the following must also be true EXCEPT:

A. The cease-fire has not been violated by either of the two sides.
B. International troops enforcing the cease-fire have demonstrated that they can counter aggression from either of the two sides.
C. A major incentive for the two sides to resume hostilities has been suppressed.
D. Other countries have exerted pressure on the two sides to the dispute.
E. (E) The negotiations’ reaching an agreement depends in part on the actions of other countries.

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