Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health". But despite some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 1 heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 2 , a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. In fact, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently 3 the opposite. Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter relaxes muscles, 4 muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might 5 help moderate the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of physical 6 that improve an individual’s emotional state. According to one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted in physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry because they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also 7 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow from muscular responses. In an experiment a social psychologist in Germany asked volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a 8 expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more 9 to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, 10 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improve the mood. A. suggesting B. homogeneously C. boosting D. retain E. feedback F. precedes G. conceivably H. decreasing I. accomplishes J. enthusiastically K. disappointed L. immunity M. joyful N. impairing O. sustain
ABO血型不合的新生儿溶血症,需要换血时最适合的血液为
A. 0型全血
B. 0型血细胞和AB型血浆
C. 0型血浆和AB型血细胞
D. 与新生儿相同的ABO血型
E. 与新生儿相同的血细胞,与母亲血型相同的血浆
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.For years the University of California has done a national survey of first-year college students. Some of the questions relate to 1 health and stress. Last year, 29 percent said they often felt " 2 " by all they had to do in their last year of high school. That was 2 3 points higher than the year before. Deborah Stipek, dean of the School of Education at Stanford University, says a lot of students are under too much 4 from parents and schools. She recently wrote about this issue in the journal Science. She used the example of her own daughter in high school. Her daughter has taken AP courses in French to earn credit towards college. She told her mother she would 5 never speak French again. In 2009, a 6 film looked at the pressure on many students to succeed in school and in lives busy with activities and homework. The film is called Race to Nowhere. If you were 7 your whole life to your grades, you have to be smart. And you have to 8 the arts. Deborah Stipek says the film shows that many students today are not experiencing the joys of learning. "I was interviewed in it, as many others were, and I think the most 9 interviews were of the students. These are students who felt under enormous pressure to perform, and I want to underscore the word ’perform’, as 10 ’learn’." She says the hardest lesson for society may be that young people will grow up lacking interest in learning.
莫高窟(Mogao Grottoes)位于甘肃省敦煌东南25千米的鸣沙山东麓。莫高窟是中国四大石窟(grotto)之一,也是世界上最大、内容最多的佛教石窟群。莫高窟现已被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录。莫高窟始建于366年,南北长1,610米。现有洞窟492个,壁画(mural)45,000多平方米,彩塑2,000多尊。敦煌石窟艺术中数量最大、内容最丰富的部分是壁画。这些壁画具有很高的历史和艺术价值,其中盛唐时期的壁画水平最高。西方学者将敦煌壁画称作是“墙壁上的图书馆”。