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If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are aging unnecessarily soon.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of aging could be slowed down.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age—using the head. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant. Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculators.” According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others ？（）
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What’s the biggest mistake people make
At first the company refused to purchase the equipment, but this decision was_________revised.
Directions:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only.Questions 11—13 are based on the passage about ice phrases. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11—13. What is the meaning of "Skating on thin ice"
An Ohio State University study has linked behavior in young children with the type of job their mother has. Mothers with complex occupations that are self-directed and require working with other people tended to have offspring with relatively low levels of behavior problems. The opposite held true when the jobs were routine, closely supervised, and dealt with things, rather than people."A job that challenges and interests a mother and gives her an opportunity to exercise judgment and solve problems clearly has positive consequences for her children’s behavior," indicates associate professor of sociology Elizabeth Menaghan. Occupations with more positive conditions include management, sales, and teaching positions. Jobs that may be related to increased child behavior problems include book-keeping, food service, and assembly line positions.Women who are supervised closely at work and made to follow strict orders may be more likely to use this same style in raising their kids. They may emphasize obedience to parental authority and the potential for physical punishment. "We believe that the choice of such a parenting style may increase the frequency of behavior problems in children." On the other hand, mothers whose jobs are less controlled by supervisors and who must work closely with other people probably rely less on physical punishment, instead encouraging children to think about consequences of their actions and take responsibility for their behavior. Such an approach encourages youngsters to follow parental demands even when they aren’t being supervised because they have accepted parental values as their own. Moreover, mothers whose jobs don’t involve constant supervision "develop problem-solving skills that they can bring to other parts of their life".The research also found that those who have more challenging and interesting jobs provide better home environments for their children. The mothers give their offspring more intellectual stimulation and emotional support, and this, in turn, is linked to fewer behavior problems. It can be inferred from the passage, if a mother works as book-keeper, she will have （） consequences for her children’s behavior.
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