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SECTION A In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Franklin D. Roosevelt Roosevelt was elected President in 1932, when the United States was in (1) . Then the new president began to adopt a complex of (2) known as the New Deal. The New Deal brought to the individual citizen a sharp (3) of interest in government. Then a policy of (4) currency inflation was adopted in order to start an upward movement in commodity prices. In agriculture, far-reaching reforms were (5) . By 1940, nearly six million farmers were receiving (6) subsidies under this program. In the 1936 election, Roosevelt won an even more (7) victory over his republican opponent. The 1940 presidential election (8) another majority for Roosevelt. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, Roosevelt directed organization of the Nation’s (9) and resources for global war. He was devoted much to the planning of a United Nations, where, he hoped, international difficulties could be (10) .
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B 根据下面短文回答下列问题。 A dog was carrying a bone (骨头) in his mouth one day. Coming to a river, he looked for a bridge. As he was crossing the bridge, he looked down. On the water he saw his reflection (倒影). He thought it was another dog with a bone in its mouth. To drive the other dog away, he barked at it. When he opened his mouth the bone fell into the water. The ripples made the reflection disappear. He believed then that the other dog had taken his bone and had run away with it. When the dog opened his mouth, the bone fell into the water, and the dog in the water took it and ran away quickly.
Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. According to the forecast, Hurricane Dennis will get stronger as it passes through ______.
TEXT D It is interesting to reflect for a moment upon the differences in the areas of moral feeling and standards in the peoples of Japan and the United States. Americans divide these areas somewhat rigidly into spirit and flesh, the two beings in opposition in the life of a human being. Ideally spirit should prevail but all too often it is the flesh that does prevail. The Japanese make no such division, at least between one as good and the other as evil. They believe that a person has two souls, each necessary. One is the "gentle" soul; the other is the "rough" soul. Sometimes the person uses his gentle soul; sometimes he must use his rough soul. He does not favor his gentle soul; neither does he fight his rough soul. Human nature in itself is good, Japanese philosophers insist, and a human being does not need to fight any part of himself. He has only to learn how to use each soul properly at appropriate times. Virtue for the Japanese consists in fulfilling one’s obligations to others. Happy endings, either in life or in fiction, are neither necessary nor expected, since the fulfillment of duty provides the satisfying end, whatever the tragedy it inflicts. And duty includes a person’s obligations to those who have conferred benefits upon him and to himself as an individual of honor. He develops through this double sense of duty a self-discipline, which is at once permissive and rigid, depending upon the area in which it is functioning. The process of acquiring this self-discipline begins in childhood. Indeed, one may say it begins at birth—how early is the Japanese child given his own identity! If I were to define in a word the attitude of the Japanese toward their children I would put it in one succinct word "respect." Love Yes, abundance of love, warmly expressed from the moment he is put to his mother’s breast. For mother and child this nursing of her child is important psychologically. Rewards are frequent, a bit of candy bestowed at the right moment or an inexpensive toy. As the time comes to enter school, however, discipline becomes firmer. To bring shame to the family is the greatest shame for the child. What is the secret of the Japanese teaching of self-discipline It lies, I think, in the fact that the aim of all teaching is the establishment of habit. Rules are repeated over and over, and continually practiced until obedience becomes instinctive. This repetition is enhanced by the expectation of the elders. They expect a child to obey and to learn through obedience. The demand is gentle at first and tempered to the child’s tender age. It is no less gentle as time goes on, but certainly it is increasingly inexorable. Now, far away from that warm Japanese home, I reflect upon what I learned there. What, I wonder, will take the place of the web of love and discipline which for so many centuries has surrounded the life and thinking of the people of Japan (511 words) To the Japanese, the aim of existence is ______.
In this section there are several reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT A Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients—to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest. What would doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months Is it best to tell him the truth If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient’s own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones. Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide, As one physician wrote: "ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth’s sake, and that is as for as possible do harm." Armed with such precept, a number of doctors my slip into deceptive practices that they assume will "do no harm" and may will help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to the incurably ill and the dying. But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery. Not only do lies not provide the "help" hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be a patient in the first place. We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness when information is denied or distorted. Dying patients especially—who are easiest to mislead and most often kept in the dark—can then not make decision about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how they should bring their affairs to close and take leave. Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of "defensive medicine," and thus it injure, in turn, the entire medical profession. Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press for answers. Patients’ bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives for treatment. Many doctors go to great eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices. Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand. There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason, to be wary of professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "what you don’t know can’t hurt you."(737 words) From the text we may deduce that the author is inclined to think that doctors should ______.
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