题目内容
Zhang Zhongjing proposed that mastership of medicine lies in proficient medical skills and lofty medical ethics, which eventually became the embodiment of a moral value of the Chinese nation.
查看答案
搜索结果不匹配？点我反馈
更多问题
TCM not only values the impacts of natural and social environment on health and illness, but also emphasizes the coordination of physical and mental activities, and their interactions in the conditions of health and illness.
Passage 1The medicine of the Tang Dynasty left its European counterpart in the shade. It boasted its own “national health service”, and left behind the teachings of the incomparable Sun Simiao. If no further evidence was available of the sophistication of China in the Tang era, then a look at Chinese medicine would be sufficient. At the western end of Eurasian continent the Roman Empire had vanished, and there was nowhere new to claim the status of the cultural and political center of the world. In fact, for a few centuries, this center happened to be the capital of the Tang Empire, and Chinese medicine under the Tang Empire was far ahead of its European counterpart. An Imperial Medical Office had been inherited from previous dynasties: it was immediately restructured and staffed with directors and deputy directors, chief and assistant medical directors, pharmacists and curators of medicinal herb gardens and further personnel. Within the first two decades after consolidating its rule, the Tang administration set up one central and several provincial medical colleges with professors, lecturer, clinical practitioners and pharmacists to train students in one or all of the four departments of medicine, acupuncture, physical therapy and exorcism. Physicians were given positions in governmental medical service only after passing qualifying exams. They were remunerated in accordance with the number of cures they had affected during the past year. In 723 Emperor Xuanzong personally composed a general formulary of prescriptions recommended to him by one of his imperial pharmacists and sent it to all the provincial medical schools. An Arabic traveler, who visited China in 851,noted with surprise that prescriptions from the emperor’s formulary were publicized on notice boards at crossroads to enhance the welfare of the population. The government took care to protect the general populace from potentially harmful medical practice. The Tang legal code was the first in China to include laws concerned with harmful and heterodox medical practices. For example, to treat patients for money without adhering to standard procedures was defined as fraud combined with theft and had to be tried in accordance with the legal statutes on theft. If such therapies resulted in the death of a patient, the healer was to be banished for two and a half years. In fact, physicians practicing during the Tang era had access to a wealth of pharmaceutical and medical texts, their contents ranging from purely pragmatic advice to highly sophisticated theoretical considerations. Concise descriptions of the position, morphology, and functions of the organs of the human body stood side by side in libraries with books enabling readers to calculate the daily, seasonal and annual climate conditions of cycles of sixty years and to understand and predict their effects on health. Several Tang authors wrote large collections of prescriptions, continuing a literary tradition documented since the 2nd century B.C. The two most outstanding works to be named here were those by Sun Simiao and Wang Tao. The latter was a librarian who copied more than six thousand formulas, categorized in 1104 sections, from sixty-five older works and published them under the title Waitai Yimiao. Twenty-four sections, for example, were devoted to ophthalmology. They reflect the Indian origin of much Chinese knowledge on ailments of the eye and, in particular, of cataract surgery. Despite or because of its long lasting affluence and political stability, the Tang Dynasty did not add any significantly new ideas to the interpretation of illness, health and healing. Medical thought reflects human anxieties; changes in medical thought always occur in the context of new existential fears or of fundamentally changed social circumstances. Nevertheless, medicine was a most fascinating ingredient of Tang civilization and it left a rich legacy to subsequent centuries.45. Which of the following statements is true about the Tang era according to the last paragraph?
Passage 2The main content of visceral manifestation theory is based on the viscera to interpret the figure and the structure, physiological functions, pathological changes of the internal organs, their relations with essence, qi, blood and mental activities, as well as the mutual relations among the organs or between the organs and body orifices. Zang-fu is the generic term of the internal organs, which can be divided into three kinds according to their physiological functions. Five zang-organs include heart, lung, spleen, liver and kidney (in the theory of meridians, pericardium is also regarded as a zang-organ, so they are also called six zang). Six fu-organs are gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, bladder and sanjiao. The extraordinary fu-organs include brain, marrow, bone, vessel, gallbladder and uterus. Most of the five zang-organs are substantial viscera, and their common physiological functions are to generate and store the essence. However, for the most part of the six fu-organs are hollow cavity viscera, and their same functions are to receive, transport water, food and dregs. The differences between the five zang-organs and six fu-organs are easy to be understood from their special functions. The forms of the extraordinary fu-organs are similar to those of the six fu-organs, while their functions are nearly to the five zang-organs, i.e. storing the essential qi. They are different from the five zang-organs and six fu-organs, so they are called the extraordinary fu-organs. Essence, qi, blood and body fluids are the fundamental substances which make up the body and maintain human life activities, as well as the material bases of the physiological activities of the organs and meridians. Mental activity is the total expression of the human life activities. All of essence, qi, blood, body fluids and mental activities are the products of the functional activities of the organs, and their relations are interdependent and mutually restricted. At the same time, they have close relationships with the organs and orifices. 46. Which one of the followings about the main content of visceral manifestation theory is not correct?
20. , a great doctor of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), proposed that mastership of medicine lies in proficient medical skills and lofty medical ethics, which eventually became the embodiment of a moral value of the Chinese nation, a core value that has been conscientiously upheld by the TCM circles.
微信支付 
支付宝支付