Over the last decade, demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlargements and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. According to Dr. Dai Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look normal. "What we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us a perception of what is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that." In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal; rather, it centers on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imber recommends "maintenance" work for people in their thirties. "The idea of waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly," he says. "By then, you’ve wasted 20 great years of your life and allowed things to get out of hand." Dr. Imber draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however, "It seems that someone we don’t consider old enough to order a drink shouldn’t be considering plastic surgery. ’ In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous. But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people, Dr. Davies, who claims to "cater for the average person", agrees. He says: "I treat a few of the rich and famous and an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, 3, 000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday." Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients to be treated with a local anaesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. Yet, as one woman who recently paid £2,500 for liposuction to remove fat from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery Veteran is a deceptively gentle one. "I had my legs done because they’d been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite. Now I don’t think there’s any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it.\ The statement "draws the line at operating on people" (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to
A. removing wrinkles from the face.
B. helping people make up.
C. enjoying operating.
D. refusing to operate.
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The provision of positive incentives to work in the new society will not be an easy task. But the most difficult task of all is to devise the ultimate and final sanction to replace the ultimate sanction of hunger--the economic whip of the old dispensation. Moreover, in a society which rightly rejects the pretence of separating economies from politics and denies the autonomy of the economic order, that sanction can be found only in some conscious act of society. We can no longer ask the invisible hand to do our dirty work for us. I confess that I am less horror-struck than some people at the prospect, which seems to me unavoidable, of an ultimate power of what is called direction of labor resting in some arm of society, whether in an organ of state or of trade unions. I should indeed be horrified if I identified this prospect with a return to the conditions of the pre-capitalist era. The economic whip of laissea-faire undoubtedly represented an advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that relative sense, the claim of capitalism to have established for the first time a system of "free" labour deserves respect But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in the Second World War seems to me to represent as great an advance over the economic whip of the heyday of capitalist private enterprise as the economic whip represented over pre-capitalist serfdom, Much depends on the effectiveness of the positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and self-discipline of the community. After all, under the system of laissea-faire capitalism the fear of hunger remained an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operative force. It would have been intolerable if the worker had been normally driven to work by conscious fear of hunger; nor, except in the early and worst days of the Industrial Revolution, did that normally happen. Similarly in the society of the future the power of direction should be regarded not so much as an instrument of daily used but rather as an ultimate sanction held in reserve where voluntary methods fail It is inconceivable that, in any period or in any conditions that can now be foreseen, any organ of state in Great Britain would be in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal and deploy the labour force over the whole economy by military discipline like an army in the field. This, like other nightmares of a totally planned economy, can be left to those who like to frighten themselves and others with scarecrows. The author’s attitudes towards future, as is indicated in the beginning of the second paragraph, is one of
A. reluctant acceptance.
B. sheer pessimism.
C. mild optimism.
D. extreme hopefulness.
Summer holidy camps(夏令营) for children began in the USA over sixteen years ago.Today there are (41) than 8000 summer camps in the United States and every year (42) four million children pass through their gates (43) June and August. Some (44) By bus every clay from the nearest town. (45) stay as campers for one or two weeks. Quite a lot of children go off to camp (46) the whole of the summer holiday. The people there are young and (47) .There is good food and lots of interesting things (48) In many camps children learn things (49) cooking and drawing pictures. Every evening there are camp fires and games. Everyone goes to bed (50) but happy.
A. friends
B. friendly
C. friendship
Ms Blunsden is a 38-year-old woman who lives by herself in Brooklyn, New York. She has no right to keep any animals now. A police officer told a Brooklyn court(法庭) that he had found 15 dogs and 20 cats living in a small room which was just 10 feet by 12 feet. "There was not enough place for one animal, let alone 35,"he said. "The room was very dirty. " "The animals are taken good care of," Ms Blunsden told the court. "I take them all for walks in a shopping cart (购物车). " When the court asked Ms Blunsden why she kept so many animals, she said,"Everybody loves animals and I do, too. You may think that my room is too small for so many animals, but I think it is just right. " The court ordered the animals to be taken to a place where they could be taken good care of. The court also ordered Ms Blunsden to get help from Dr Eugene Wilson, whose clinic(诊所) is well-known for taking care of such cases. People are beginning to keep many animals, and Ms Blunsden’s case will not be the only one of its kind. The court thought Ms Blunsden could not keep animals because ______.
A. her dogs and cats were kept together
B. she didn’t take animals for walks
C. her room for animals was too small
Valentine’s Day may come from the ancient Roman feast of Luperealia. (1) the fierce wolves roamed nearby, the old Romans called (2) the god Lupereus to help them. A festival in his (3) was held February 15th. On the eve of the festival the (4) of the girls were written on (5) paper and placed in jars. Each young man (6) a slip. The girl whose name was (7) was to be his sweetheart for the year.Legend (8) it that the holiday became Valentine’s Day (9) a roman priest named Valentine. Emperor Claudius II (10) the Roman soldiers not to marry or become engaged. Claudius felt married soldiers would (11) stay home than fight. When Valentine (12) the Emperor and secretly married the young couples, he was put to death on February 14th, the (13) of Lupercalia. After his death, Valentine became a (14) . Christian priests moved the holiday from the 15th to the 14th---Valentine’s Day. Now the holiday honors Valentine (15) of Lupercus.Valentine’s Day has become a major (16) of love and romance in the modem world. The ancient god Cupid and his (17) into a lover’s heart may still be used to (18) falling in love or being in love. But we also use cards and gifts, such as flowers Or jewelry, to do this. (19) to give flower to a wife or sweetheart on Valentine’s Day can sometimes be as (20) as forgetting a birthday or a wedding anniversary. Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.17()
A. story
B. wander
C. arrow
D. play