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With the growth of the Web, many people have come to view the Internet as a handy source of information. Yet there are limits to the depth of the data that can be mined from cyberspace. Ask a search engine that runs on your favorite Web browser to tell you where you can buy a red convertible in Miami for under $35,000. Such a car does exist. But getting the answer on line is a daunting task that often entails multiple searches. Now the Web’s creator, British-born Tim Berners-Lee, has set about solving such problems. The goal is to provide for the automatic exchange of any type of content between many kinds of software programs, applications and databases and, when appropriate, between people. He compares the online situation today with the way things were when the first Web sites were launched almost exactly a decade ago. Before the Web created a Common programming language, accessing each database required users to learn a special set of internal rules, which could be quite arcane. Consequently, only computer mavens bothered to get Internet addresses. But after Berners-Lee developed the "hypertext" system of linking documents and other information with the now-familiar Web tags, his creation became the fastest-growing data gathering system in human history, reaching 30 million active domain names in 2001. Now, history is repeating itself. Berners-Lee has dubbed his new project "the semantic Web." While the coding concepts are complex, the idea behind them is simple enough. The semantic Web would allow programs to browse the Internet and trade data without any direct human intervention. In theory, that could turn all of cyberspace into a unified interactive computer. "The semantic Web represents a long-term goal to change and improve the way in which computers and users work together, as well as the way computers work with other computers," Berners-Lee told a Harvard graduate school seminar the other day. "Instead of searching for words, we search for concepts that tie things together." Berners-Lee and his programming team seek to provide "intelligent agents" the capacity to understand the underlying meaning -- the "semantics" -- of the information they roam through to make their searches more meaningful and efficient. The initial step is to create standards that allow users to add descriptive tags, or "metadata," to Web content, making it easier to pinpoint exactly what you’re looking for. Next, methods will need to be found to enable different programs to relate to metadata from various Web sites. Finally, programmers will be able to craft applications that infer vital facts from the ones they’ve been given. And finding that convertible will be much easier. The purpose of the smarter Web is NOT _______.
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TEXT A Nord’s Net: "Ways of Knowing" for the Science Classroom It is apparent that Professor Warren A. Nord has found Eddington’s parable of a fisherman’s net advantageous in supporting his side of an ongoing discussion about religion and science in school curricula. He has employed the story on a number of occasions in various articles. Readers should not carelessly absorb "Nord’s Net," however. Whenever any given allegory finds widespread and frequent employment in intellectual discussion, it deserves some scrutiny -- which is the purpose of this essay. You may not be familiar with the net parable, so let’s have Nord himself acquaint you with the tale. The following is a quote that succinctly summarizes both the parable and Nord’s direct application of it. It comes from Taking Religion Seriously Across the Curriculum, by Nord and Haynes. The astronomer Arthur Eddington once told a parable about a fisherman who used a net with a three- inch mesh. After a lifetime of fishing he concluded there were no fish shorter than three inches. Eddington’s moral is that just as one’s fishing net determines what one catches, so it is with conceptual nets: what we find in the ocean of reality depends on the conceptual net we bring to our investigation. For example, the modern scientific conceptual net allows scientists to catch only replicable events; the results of any experiment that cannot be replicated are not allowed to stand. This means that miracles, which are by definition singular events, can’t be caught; scientists cannot ask God to replicate the miracle for the sake of a controlled experiment. Or, to take another example, the scientific method requires that evidence for knowledge claims be grounded in sense experience -- the kinds of experience that instruments can measure. But this rules out religious experience as a source of knowledge about the world. First I will place Nord’s premises in the context of how two approaches to human understanding -- science’s "replicable events" approach to knowledge, and religion’s "miracles and religious experience" approach -- have interacted over the centuries. Maybe later, I will take up the educational ramifications of implementing his premises in public education. The author of this passage correlates the fisherman’s use of the net to______.
· Read the article below about team-building.· Choose the correct word to fill each gap, from A, B or C on the next page.· For each question (29-40), mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet. TEAM-BUILDING THROUGH ACTIVITIES Nowadays, company bosses are increasingly trying to find unusual team-building events as part of their training programme. An activity park (29) Fast-track has just opened to offer (30) events. It specializes (31) events to attract the corporate entertainment market, (32) is growing all the time. The park is situated just a few kilometres outside the city centre (33) it provides events that (34) entertain as well as train. Clients can try outdoor attractions such as sailing or climbing, (35) availability clearly depends entirely (36) the weather. Activities of (37) kind are perfect team-building exercises. "I’d (38) been to an activity park before," explained James Black, a company manager. "Before we came, I didn’t think we (39) enjoy ourselves so much and I didn’t expect the tinge difference that Fast-track’s programme has (40) to my team. Now we work better together than we did before."
Creativity is neither something learned by applying a formula nor is it the unfettered, chaotic product of a genius. Instead, creativity should be viewed as an individualized process that helps the creator find order within chaos (or vice versa). Creativity seems to emerge from multiple experiences, coupled with a well-supported development of personal resources, including a sense of freedom to venture beyond the known. To create is to "bring into or cause to come into existence; make; originate". I find most often that my creative product is my scholarship. Whether I compile a script, enact a performance art installation, or construct a fragmented review of a performance, I take a leap and then look around to see what I’ve gotten myself into. Although my scholarship takes many forms (screenplays; non- linear narratives; and combinations of video, sound, and movement pieces), initially my research resembles a puzzle, a collage of images and texts that do not seem to go together. I appear to have gotten into a mess, which is exactly where I had hoped to be. For me, creativity is a messy process that leads to the creation of "messy texts". I will provide you with my working definition of creativity. Next, I will discuss the concept of "messy texts," including a brief historical overview of how such expressive forms of scholarship developed. Third, I will explain how and why I wrote a messy text. Finally, I will challenge you to write a messy text of your own. Creativity is just something that’s always been a part of my life. Ever since I first drew cartoon heads in the margins of our family Bible, I have been labeled "creative". Infrequent name calling aside, I always embraced and welcomed the label. Teachers and family members encouraged it. I felt appreciated despite my perceived "kookiness" because some people valued my creative innovations and willingness to view things from multiple perspectives. This willingness to innovate is alluded to in self-growth guru Gail Sheehy’s book Pathfinders (1981). She suggests that we should think of creativity as a four-part process: 1 ) Preparation, 2) Incubation, 3) Immersion & Illumination, and 4) Revision. Although interesting, Sheehy’s description of the creative process does not really capture the essence of my own creative process. However, I finally found one that provided the flexibility I needed. Franklin Baer, a public health physician fascinated with the topic of creativity has created an interactive web page that can help anyone create her/his own personalized creativity process. So I went to the site and created my own process, an acronym using the letters of the word CREATE : Collect -- gather information from a variety of sources Reflect -- generate many ideas, questions, and responses to the information Embrace -- select which idea(s) to focus on and expand Amend -- work with an idea until it begins to take shape Toil -- become obsessed with a project until it is complete Exhibit -- find a venue for displaying the creative product These verbs come closest to describing how the creative process works for me. According to the third paragraph, what do you think is NOT the product the author has created
某机械厂生产某种零件，经二道工序制成，某月份投1000件(原材料在生产开始时一次投入)，完工产品800件，企业月末账面保留的在产品成本2000元，该企业在产品成本的计算采用“约当产量法”，有关资料如下： 表1：在产品盘存表 工序 工时定额 在产品盘存数(件) 1 15 100 2 25 200 合计 40 300 表2：生产费用资料表 单位：元 成本项目 月初在产品成本 本月发生费用 原材料 100000 800000 工资及附加 20000 100000 其他 10000 60000 根据上述资料回答下列问题(每一小步计算请保留两位小数，再进行下步计算)。 月末在产品应分摊的工资费用为( )。
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