When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon, their cargo included nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil, which were packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to maintain the lunar surface"s low-pressure environment. But back at Johnson Space Center, in Houston, scientists discovered that the seals had been【C1】______—by moon dust. Lunar dust is fine, like a powder,【C2】______it cuts like glass. It"s formed when shooting stars【C3】______on the moon"s surface, heating its rocks and dirt and reducing them to fine particles. Since there"s no wind or water to smooth【C4】______edges, the tiny grains are sharp and uneven, and【C5】______nearly everything. "The intruding【C6】______of lunar dust represents a more challenging engineering design issue, as well as a【C7】______issue for settlers, than does radiation," wrote Harrison Schmitt, an Apollo 17 astronaut, in his 2006 book, "Return to the Moon." The dust damaged space-suits and ate away layers of moon boots. Over the【C8】______of six Apollo missions, not one rock box【C9】______its vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts back into their ships, too. According to Schmitt, it smelled like gunpowder and made breathing【C10】______. No one knows precisely what the extremely small particles do to human lungs. The dust not only【C11】______the moon"s surface, but floats up to sixty miles【C12】______it—as an outer part of its atmosphere, where particles【C13】______the moon by gravity, but are so thin that they【C14】______collide. In the nineteen-sixties, Surveyor probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during sunrise. Later, Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan, while orbiting the moon, recorded a【C15】______phenomenon at the sharp line where lunar day meets night. Cernan【C16】______a series of pictures illustrating the changing【C17】______; streams of particles popped【C18】______the ground and hovered, and the resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts" orbiter approached daylight. Since there"s no wind to form and【C19】______the clouds, their origin is something of a mystery. It"s【C20】______that they"re made of dust, but no one fully understands how or why they do their thing. 【C18】
A. out
B. in
C. off
D. down
Mammals vary enormously in size, from weighing less than a penny to measuring more than three school buses in length. Some groups of mammals have become very large, such as elephants and whales,【C1】______others have always been small, like primates. A new theory developed by an international team, led by Jordan Okie,【C2】______an explanation for why and how【C3】______groups of organisms are able to evolve【C4】______sizes, whereas others are not. The research team【C5】______information on how quickly an individual animal grows and used it to【C6】______how large it may get【C7】______evolutionary time. Their research was published recently. The new theory developed from the observation that some animals【C8】______fast and die young, while others take their time and mature much later. "Fast" animals-such as mice—breed very quickly, while humans mature slowly and are relatively older when they first have children. The theory【C9】______that those species that are relatively faster are more likely to evolve a large size quicker than slow species, and that their maximum size will be greater. The research team tested their theory using the【C10】______records of mammals over the last 70 million years, examining the maximum size of each mammal group【C11】______that time, including whales, elephants, seals and primates. They found that their theory was very well【C12】______. "Primates have evolved very slowly, and never got bigger than 1,000 pounds," said Okie, "The【C13】______was true of whales, which evolved their large size at the fastest【C14】______recorded." The theory also makes predictions about the relative risks of extinction for large animals【C15】______small. The maximum size of an animal is limited by the rate of mortality in the【C16】______. Because larger animals【C17】______breed less frequently than smaller animals,【C18】______the mortality rate doubles, the maximum size is predicted to be 16 times smaller. "This is a really surprising【C19】______," said Okie. "It points to another reason why many of the large animals went【C20】______after the last Ice Age, and their high risk of extinction in modern environments." 【C16】
A. quality
B. team
C. amount
D. population
When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon, their cargo included nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil, which were packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to maintain the lunar surface"s low-pressure environment. But back at Johnson Space Center, in Houston, scientists discovered that the seals had been【C1】______—by moon dust. Lunar dust is fine, like a powder,【C2】______it cuts like glass. It"s formed when shooting stars【C3】______on the moon"s surface, heating its rocks and dirt and reducing them to fine particles. Since there"s no wind or water to smooth【C4】______edges, the tiny grains are sharp and uneven, and【C5】______nearly everything. "The intruding【C6】______of lunar dust represents a more challenging engineering design issue, as well as a【C7】______issue for settlers, than does radiation," wrote Harrison Schmitt, an Apollo 17 astronaut, in his 2006 book, "Return to the Moon." The dust damaged space-suits and ate away layers of moon boots. Over the【C8】______of six Apollo missions, not one rock box【C9】______its vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts back into their ships, too. According to Schmitt, it smelled like gunpowder and made breathing【C10】______. No one knows precisely what the extremely small particles do to human lungs. The dust not only【C11】______the moon"s surface, but floats up to sixty miles【C12】______it—as an outer part of its atmosphere, where particles【C13】______the moon by gravity, but are so thin that they【C14】______collide. In the nineteen-sixties, Surveyor probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during sunrise. Later, Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan, while orbiting the moon, recorded a【C15】______phenomenon at the sharp line where lunar day meets night. Cernan【C16】______a series of pictures illustrating the changing【C17】______; streams of particles popped【C18】______the ground and hovered, and the resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts" orbiter approached daylight. Since there"s no wind to form and【C19】______the clouds, their origin is something of a mystery. It"s【C20】______that they"re made of dust, but no one fully understands how or why they do their thing. 【C19】
A. disperse
B. dye
C. cover
D. sustain
When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon, their cargo included nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil, which were packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to maintain the lunar surface"s low-pressure environment. But back at Johnson Space Center, in Houston, scientists discovered that the seals had been【C1】______—by moon dust. Lunar dust is fine, like a powder,【C2】______it cuts like glass. It"s formed when shooting stars【C3】______on the moon"s surface, heating its rocks and dirt and reducing them to fine particles. Since there"s no wind or water to smooth【C4】______edges, the tiny grains are sharp and uneven, and【C5】______nearly everything. "The intruding【C6】______of lunar dust represents a more challenging engineering design issue, as well as a【C7】______issue for settlers, than does radiation," wrote Harrison Schmitt, an Apollo 17 astronaut, in his 2006 book, "Return to the Moon." The dust damaged space-suits and ate away layers of moon boots. Over the【C8】______of six Apollo missions, not one rock box【C9】______its vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts back into their ships, too. According to Schmitt, it smelled like gunpowder and made breathing【C10】______. No one knows precisely what the extremely small particles do to human lungs. The dust not only【C11】______the moon"s surface, but floats up to sixty miles【C12】______it—as an outer part of its atmosphere, where particles【C13】______the moon by gravity, but are so thin that they【C14】______collide. In the nineteen-sixties, Surveyor probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during sunrise. Later, Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan, while orbiting the moon, recorded a【C15】______phenomenon at the sharp line where lunar day meets night. Cernan【C16】______a series of pictures illustrating the changing【C17】______; streams of particles popped【C18】______the ground and hovered, and the resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts" orbiter approached daylight. Since there"s no wind to form and【C19】______the clouds, their origin is something of a mystery. It"s【C20】______that they"re made of dust, but no one fully understands how or why they do their thing. 【C15】
A. strange
B. similar
C. common
D. different