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Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another.Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups in inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. The passage is probably intended to answer the question"()".
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The initial impact of computers was in the area of entertainment. If you walked by a video arcade in the early 1980s, you could not have failed to notice that the use of video games was growing at what some considered an alarming rate. In 1981 the movie industry grossed＄3 billion, video games took in an estimated ＄6 billion. That gives you some idea of just how big the computer industry had become. Video games employ the same technology as personal computers, and indeed many who bought personal computers did so primarily for playing games at home, thus saving their quarters. Though video games are not as popular as they were a few years ago, they did provide consumer with their first real reason to buy PCs.A more recent computer innovation, desktop publishing, supplies one good reason for those who write for a living to buy a PC. Desktop publishing is a deceptively simple description for an extremely complex group of hardware and software tools. You can now write text, edit text, draw illustrations, incorporate photographs, design page layouts, and print a finished document with a relatively inexpensive computer and laser printer. Although the new technology offers new freedom, there is a price to be paid for this freedom. With total control comes total responsibility. In fact, the issue of social responsibility in our new computer age has long been a topic of debate among computer, enthusiasts. Some people are concerned with the long-term social effects of the so-called computer revolution. Ironically, many PC pioneers who built and marketed the first machines were 60s-style advocates of social change. They claim that while personal computer technology has the potential to make society more equal, it’s having the opposite effect since upper-middle-class people can afford them and lower-class people cannot.In addition, the ways that computers are used to monitor the activities of their users have evoked anxiety about the machine. Over 7 million Americans now have their work paced, controlled, and monitored by computers. A computer is more restrictive and powerful in the way it controls people than the old-fashioned assembly line. This can lead to what some have called "tech-stress". Irritated eyes, back problems, and other physical symptoms have also been associated with the extensive use of computers. Although the personal computer may not have had the impact some predicted a decade age, the combination of computer technology with satellites and cable does promise innovations in the mass media that would have seemed astonishing just a few short years ago. In the long run, the social effect of computers is that ().
最合适的治疗是
建设工程作为特定的商品进行交易时，是在进行多次预估的基础上，最终由( )形成的价格。
It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives, (21) about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, (22) is their purpose merely to make conversation. The old person’s recollections of the past help to (23) an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: (24) any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide (25) to the future, the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (26) living. (27) , the memories form part of a continuing life (28) , in which the old person (29) the events and experiences of the years gone by and (30) on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.As the life cycle (31) to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending (即将发生的) death. (32) this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a (33) subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as (34) . As adults many of us find the topic frightening and are (35) to think about it—and certainly not to talk about it (36) the presence of someone who is dying. Death has achieved this taboo (37) only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to (38) the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains (39) our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes (40) is so. 22().
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