The value of childhood is easily blurred in today’s world. Consider some recent developments: the child-murderers in the Jonesboro. schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced. Two boys, 7 and 8, were charged in the murder of an Il-year-old girl in Chicago. Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will. Yet, as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed, the one boy who was able to address the court couldn’t begin to explain his acts, though he tried to apologize. There may have been a motive-youthful jealousy and resentment. But a deeper question remains; why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint That question echoes for the accused in Chicago, young as they are. They wanted the glrl’s bicycle, a selfish impulse common enough among kids. Redemption is a practical necessity. How can value be restored to young lives distorted by acts of violence The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time. Despite horror at what was done, children are not--cannot be--dealt with as adults, not if a person wants to consider himself civilized. That’s why politicians’ cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point. But the moral void that invites violence has many sources. Family instability contributes. So does economic stress. That void, however, can be filled. The work starts with parents, who have to ask themselves whether they’re doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong. Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought Schools, too, have a role in building character. So do youth organizations. So do law enforcement agencies, which can do more to inform the young about laws, their meaning, and their observance. The goal, ultimately, is to allow an children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood, so that tragic gaps in moral judgment are less likely to occur. The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don’t go that far, but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide--and which progressive human society relies on. According to politicians, when children commit crimes, they should be treated in the same way as ______.
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根据脏腑功能的特点,胃病用药的规律是()
A. 宜刚
B. 宜柔
C. 宜伐
D. 宜降
Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A. Humans don’t have the common ancestry with other simpler animals.
B. Humans and apes are the dominant animals on the Earth.
C. Humans and apes share 96% genetic structure.
D. Respiration of humans is nearly the same with that of ducks.
Passage Two A study reveals that the brain areas that respond when fear is learned through personal experience are al-so triggered when we see someone else in distress. In the study, participants watched a short video of a person conditioned to fear a so-called neutral stimulus-something people normally wouldn’t fear--paired with something they find naturally aversive (令人讨厌的), in this case an electrical shock. The person in the video watched colored squares on a computer screen: When a blue square appeared, the person received a mild shock; when a yellow square appeared, there was no shock. The participant in the video responded with distress when the blue square appeared—he would blink hard, tense his cheek muscles and move his hand. "So it’s clear that he’s uncomfortable, he’s in distress," said study team member Andreas Olsson of Columbia University. "And he’s already in distress before he receives the shock, you see him anticipate receiving the shock." By contrast the participant in the video appeared relaxed when the yellow square popped up, Participants were told they would take part in a similar experiment, and when presented with the blue square, they responded with fear, anticipating a shock, though they were never actually shocked. "Just by watching, they learn themselves," Olsson explained. This second learning was reflected in the brain. In previous classical conditioning experiments where a fear is learned firsthand, a part of the brain called the amygdala (扁桃核) has been shown to be critical to the development and expression of fears. The scientists monitored the brain activity of each participant during the experiment. Imaging showed that the amygdala responded both when the subjects watched the video of someone else receiving shocks and when they were presented with the blue squares themselves. "We found that the amygdala is involved both when you’re watching somebody receiving shocks, and when you’re expecting to receive shocks later on yourself," Olsson said. So it seems that similar processes in the brain are triggered both when fears are experienced first-hand and when they are observed in others. In the real world, the finding could explain why some people are afraid of things despite little contact with them. "You learn by observing other people’s emotional expressions, and what we are showing is that that can be as effective as having those direct experiences yourself," Olsson said. "That’s probably one of the reasons why a lot people are having phobias (恐怖症) of certain kinds of stimuli, such as snakes and spiders." What’s people’s response to a neutral stimulus
A. Normally they are not scared by it.
B. Usually they are seriously scared by it.
C. They feel ridiculous when seeing it.
D. They often feel uncomfortable at it.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A. The buyer has the right to reprint it.
B. The buyer is allowed to change it.
C. The artist continues to hold the copyright for it.
D. The artist must report the sale to the authority.