题目内容
According to psychologists (心理学家), an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. It can be created by a person’s thoughts. Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion. Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion, positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. In growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy. Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion. Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination. When a student is too worried about failing in the exam, ______.
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It is customary for adults to forget how hard and dull and long school is. The learning by memory of all the basic things one must know is a most incredible and unending effort. Learning to read is probably the most difficult and revolutionary thing that happens to the human brain and if you don’t believe that, watch an illiterate adult try to do it. School is not easy and it is not for the most part very much fun, but then, if you are very lucky, you may find a real teacher. Three real teachers in a lifetime is the very best of my luck. My first was a science and math teacher in high school, my second, a professor of creative writing at Stanford, and my third was my friend and partner, Ed Ricketts. I have come to believe that a great teacher is a great artist and that there are as few as there are any other great artists. It might even be the greatest of the arts since the medium is the human mind and spirit. My three had these things in common: They all loved what they were doing. Under their influence, the horizons sprung wide and fear went away and the unknown became knowable. I shall speak only of my first teacher because in addition to the other things, she brought discovery. She aroused us to shouting, book-waving discussions. She had the noisiest class in school and she didn’t even seem to know it. We could never stick to the subject. Our speculation ranged the world. She breathed curiosity into us so that we brought in facts or truths shielded in our hands like captured fireflies. She was fired and perhaps rightly so, for failing to teach fundamentals. Such things must be learned. But she left a passion in us for the pure knowable world and she inflamed me with a curiosity which has never left. I have had many teachers who told me soon-forgotten backs but only three who created in me a new attitude and a new hunger. What deathless power lies in the hands of such a person The writer’s first teacher was dismissed mainly because ______.
According to psychologists (心理学家), an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. It can be created by a person’s thoughts. Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion. Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion, positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. In growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy. Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion. Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination. We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something ______.
Questions 11-13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Smoking is considered dangerous to the health. Our tobacco-seller Mr. Johnson, therefore, always asks his 1 if they are very young, and whom the cigarettes are bought for. One day, a little girl whom he had never seen 2 walked boldly into his shop and demanded twenty cigarettes. She had the exact 3 of money in her hand and seemed very 4 of herself. Mr. Johnson was 5 surprised by her confident manner that he 6 to ask his usual question. 7 , he asked her what kind of cigarettes she wanted. The girl replied readily and 8 him the money. While he was giving her 9 cigarette, Mr. Johnson said laughingly that 10 she was so young she should 11 the packet in her pocket in 12 a policeman saw it. 13 , the little girl did not seem to find this very 14 . Without even smiling she took the packet and walked 15 the door. Suddenly she stopped, turned 16 and looked steadily at Mr. Johnson. There was a moment of silence and the tobacco-seller 17 what she was going to say. And at once, 18 a clear, firm voice, the girl 19 , "My dad is a policeman," and with 20 she walked quickly out of the shop.
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