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如果市场是弱式有效或者半强式有效的，对于证券组合的管理者来说，一般会持消极保守的态度，只求获得市场平均的收益水平。( )
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产业组织创新的直接效应包括创造产业增长机会、促进产业增长实现、构筑产业赶超效应、适应产业经济增长等多项功效。( )
导致经济全球化的直接原因是国际直接投资与贸易环境出现了新变化。( )
A new study has shown that we tend to remember the bad times better than the good. The study, from Boston College psychologist, Elizabeth Kensinger and colleagues, has (36) that we retain and bear in mind events that carry negative emotional burden. Her research shows that whether an event is pleasing or aversive (厌恶的；引起厌恶的)seems to be a (37) determinant of the accuracy with which the event is remembered, with negative events being remembered in greater detail than positive ones. To (38) her theory, Kensinger gives the example of a sight of a man on a street holding a gun. After seeing the man, people remember the gun clearly, but they forget the details of the street. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) studies have shown (39) cellular activity in emotion processing regions at the time that a negative event is (40) . The more activity in the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala, two emotion-processing regions of the brain, the more likely an individual is to remember details (41) linked to the emotional aspect of the event, such as the exact appearance of the gun. Kensinger argues that recognizing the (42) of negative emotion on memory for detail may, at some point, save our lives by guiding our actions and allowing us to plan for similar future (43) . "These benefits make sense within an (44) framework. It is logical that (45) would be focused on potentially threatening information," says Kensinger. A．occurrences I．critical B．imagined J．effects C．evolutionary K．supporting D．substantiate L．attention E．concluded M．experienced F．achievements N．intrinsically G．influence O．suggested H．increased
Caring for Elderly Parents Catches Many Unprepared A．Last July, Julie Baldocchi’s mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn’t prepared for. "I was flying by the seat of my pants," says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldn’t handle her mother’s care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasn’t willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents’ home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. "I couldn’t do it all," she says. "But I didn’t even know how to find help." B．With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. "But even if you plan intellectually and legally, you’re never ready for the emotional impact," Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mother’s stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared. C．While many parents lack an advance care directive, it’s the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on another’s behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) "It’s invaluable for the kids, because it’s hard to make those decisions for a parent," says Jennifer Cona, an elder-law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parent’s legal guardian, says AgingCare.com. D．It’s important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents’ preferences, wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But it’s not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their children’s financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth. E．Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesn’t pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was ＄77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home. F．Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, it’s not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isn’t covered by Medicaid. G．If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according to AARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example, Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver. H．Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent’s finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors’ appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mother’s home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn’t able to get around as well. Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. "I always knew that this was the role that I would have, and I guess my mind was prepared for it," says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. "When you get into the trenches, it’s literally baptism by fire," she says. "New things come up. It’s not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It’s everything," she says. I．Caregivers need to also watch their own health. "There is such a thing as caregiver burnout," Cona says. Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife. "It’s a hard job," Walker says. "But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helping hand. It’s only natural that I be here for her now.\ Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may burn out or become depressed.
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