题目内容
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
On April 26, 1937, at 4:40 p.m., the Condor Legion of the German air force bombed peacefully, undefended Guernica to virtually total destruction. It took three hours and five minutes. For the German high command, it was an opportunity for their. fighter pilots to practice saturation-bombing(饱和轰炸) and dive-bombing techniques designed to terrorize and kill fleeting civilians.
Photographers and journalists who reported the bombing described it as a violence of then unparalleled horror. Guernica was the first city in history to be destroyed by aerial bombardment. World War Ⅱ,for which the Spanish Civil War was a military dress rehearsal, would ultimately numb(使麻木)the world with its terrible destruction of Dresden and Hiroshima. While a contented world was unwilling to challenge the denials of France, the Germans, and the Vatican, one man decided to reveal the dimensions of the violent incident.
Photographs of the bombing appeared in Paris newspapers within a day or two. And Pablo Picasso, acclaimed by many as the artistic genius of our age, immediately began his preliminary sketches for the mural(壁画), Guernica, which he gave to the Republican government to hang in the 1937 International Exposition in Paris. Today, Guernica is widely hailed as the greatest political painting of the twentieth century.
Much controversy has arisen as to the specific meaning of the various elements of the painting. Does the bull represent fascism？ Spain？ Brutality and darkness？ Picasso himself, never one to be bound by other people's need for precise references, was no help. Critics have had a field day analyzing and explaining the masterpiece. What has never been in doubt is that the powerful mural is a symbolic, figurative painting made to express an exiled
Spaniard's terrible rage at the agony imposed on a defenseless town of innocent men, women, and children. He was painting their agony, Spain's agony, and his own agony.
A few years later, when German soldiers visited Picasso's studio in Paris during the occupation of France in World War II, the painter handed out postcards of the Guernica mural to his unwanted and uninvited visitors.
"Did you do this？" one of the surprised soldiers exclaimed. "No," Picasso is supposed to have replied, "you did."
The German air force bombed Guemiea to total destruction because______.
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A．They should try' to know the benefits of early rising.B．They should try hard to cult
Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, the use of steam power, and electricity were there for all to see, enjoy, and suffer. Science was fashionable and it is not surprising that, daring this great period of industrial development, scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man, particularly to those involved in the processes of production. Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began to make itself felt. The three industrial giants of the day, Germany, America, and Great Britain, began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible markets. Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.
Frederick Winslow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach, as a result of the publication of his book, The Principles of Scientific Management, published in 1911. However, numerous other academics and practitioners(实践者) had been actively applying such approaches since the beginning of the century. Charles Babbage, an English academic, well-known for his invention of the mechanical computer(with the aid of a government grant as long as 1820), applied himself to the costing of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting.
Taylor was of well-to-do background and received an excellent education but, partly owing to troubles with his eyesight, decided to become an engineering apprentice. He spent some twenty-five years in the tough, sometimes brutal, environment of the US steel industry and carefully studied methods of work when he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in the area of steel processing, but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that proved they could succeed in a hostile environment.
In 1901, Taylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the principles of managing scientifically and emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave-driving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.
According to the passage, what was badly needed to improve industrial efficiency？
A．He was a close friend of her family.B．He fell in love with her.C．He realized she was
听力原文： People say that to get up early in three mornings is equal to one day of time. Early rising is beneficial in more than one way. First, it helps to keep us fit. We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides, it improves our health to take our morning exercises.
Secondly, early rising helps us in our studies. In the morning our mind is clear, and we learn more quickly. We find it easier to memorize what we learn. The study is very efficient then.
Thirdly, early rising enables us to plan our work for the day. We cannot work well without a proper plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in foe spring, so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.
Fourthly, early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work, such as to brush our teeth, take a shower, get dressed, and eat our breakfast properly.
Finally, there is less traffic on the way. Buses and cars are not crowded, and there are less traffic jams. The fore, it takes less time to get to our schools and work places.
Late risers may find it very difficult to cultivate the habit of early rising. Since they already know the benefits of early rising, they ought to make up their minds and make a special effort to do so.
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