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某中学生，16岁，经骨髓穿刺检查诊断为“急性淋巴细胞白血病”，给以常规治疗，症状无缓解。医生告诉家长，此病目前尚无理想的治疗方法，医院正在尝试使用一种疗效不肯定、有一定风险的药物。其家长表示愿意做这种试验性治疗。但没有履行书面承诺手续。治疗2天后，病人病重，抢救无效后死亡。此后，家属否认曾同意这种治疗方案，称是“拿病人做试验”，要追究医生责任，于是造成医疗纠纷。 就本案分析，医生做出选择的伦理依据是
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The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight You hear this: "No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eating." You feel sad: "I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do" Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it. Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, "80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight." How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained. The results were surprising by metabolic measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people. Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true--each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks. What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do
第二节 短文理解 1 阅读下面短文，从[A](Right)、[B](Wrong)、[C](Doesn’t Say)三个判断中选择一个正确选项。 China will remember this great moment. At 9 a.m. on October 15, the country launched (发射) its first manned spacecraft (载人飞船), Shenzhou V, into space at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu. Now China has become the third country in the world to send a person into orbit (轨道) after the former Soviet Union and the United States. Yang Liwei, 38, is China’s first space man. Yang sent a message back to Earth: "I’m feeling very good in space, and it looks beautiful here." Yang then told his wife and son: "I have seen our beautiful Earth and recorded all that I have seen here." Yang, who comes from Liaoning, has been an air force pilot since 1983. He was chosen after many difficult exams. This message is a piece of news.
新《企业会计准则——基本准则》所规定的附注是指对在会计报表中列示项目所作的进一步说明。
Finding Enlightenment in Scotland In the 1740s, the famous French philosophy Voltaire said "We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization." That’s not a bad advertisement for any country, especially when it comes to attracting people in search of a first class education. Yet some people go even further than that. According to the American author Arthur Herman, the Scots invented the modem world itself. He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modem life depend everything from the scientific method to market economics. Their ideas did not just spread amongst intellectuals, but to those people in business, government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world. It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment, which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800. At this time, Scotland was home to a number of thinkers who made an important shift in the course of Western philosophy. Before that, philosophy was mainly concerned with religion. For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment, the proper study of humanity was mankind itself. Their reasoning was practical. For the philosopher David Hume, humanity was the right subject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior and so find real evidence of how people think and feel. And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved, for universal benefit. Hume was not a scientist himself, but his enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh, Adam Smith, famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade, he argued, was a form of information. Money is the way in which people tell each other what they want, and how much people pay is the best way we have of knowing how much somebody wants something. In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets, we all come to benefit each other. Smith’s idea of "enlightened self-interest" has come to dominate modem views of economics. It also has wider applications. He was one of the first major philosophers to point out that nations can become rich, free and powerful more efficiently through peace, trade and invention than by means of war and plunder. The original Scottish Enlightenment is thought to have ended with the lives of Smith, Hume and the other thinkers who lived in Scotland at that time. But a wider Scottish Enlightenment can still be seen. It exists in the way that the ideas evolved at that time still underpin our theories. It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with practical orientation. The Institute for System Level Integration (ISLI) is a good example. Founded in 1998 by a group of four Scottish universities, ISLI draws on the academic expertise of the university departments of computer science, electronic and electrical engineering and informatics, But though it works at the cutting edge of science, ISLI’s ultimate aims are rooted in the needs of the real world: to produce highly skilled design engineers and researchers to meet the needs of the rapidly changing global semiconductor industry. Though only one amongst many educational institutions in Scotland, ISLI’s existence shows that the principles of the Scottish Enlightenment still live on. It’s a country that’s still inventing, still modernizing, and still doing its best to spread enlightenment. Smith’s idea of "enlightened self-interest" has great significance for______.
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