题目内容
TEXT E At dusk, a sparrow flies through the dark woods in search of a meal. Spotting a plump hawkmoth clinging to a large tree trunk, the bird lands on a nearby branch. Moving in for the attack, the sparrow suddenly spies a pair of round, menacing eyes. The eyes seem to move up and down like those of an owl. Within a second, the sparrow is all tail feathers as it makes its retreat. But what about the moth In order to avoid being eaten, the moth practised a bit of natural "tom foolery" by exposing its secret weapon--eyespots on its wings. Eyespots are round markings or colorations on animals which look like real eyes. Many in- sects, as well as fish and frogs, use them--in a variety of ways--as a defense against predators. Eyespots can scare an attacker away--as in the case of the moth above--by making the attacker think it is facing one of its predators. Or they can simply fool predators into thinking they are being watched. Even when the false eyes don’t stop an attack, they may enable the one who wears them to survive. You see, eyespots are often located "far" from vital organs, on wings, for instance. They lure predators into attacking the "wrong end" of their prey. The tropical butterfly fish, for example, has an eyespot at the base of its tail. Predatory fish will often try to attack this spot, confusing the dark circle for a real eye--only to find the fish escaping in a completely unexpected direction. The eyespots on a peacock butterfly’s wings work in a similar way. By luring the predator to the wings instead of the body, the eyespots protect the peacock butterfly’s head from attack. Although the insect may lose a claw or suffer a clipped wing, at least it hasn’t lost its head! Eyespots work because they take advantage of a weakness in predators, known as "innocence of the eye." Basically, this means that animals believe what they see. Unlike humans, some animals cannot reason beyond what their instincts and past experiences tell them. So, if something looks like an eye to a predator, then it must be an eye--even if it graces the delicate wing of a butterfly. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example to show the protective nature of eyespots
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The function of the office is to perform administrative work. First, it must provide the necessary communications with customers, banks, government departments, and other outside organizations. Second, it must service the information requirements within the company itself. In order to meet these needs efficiently, the Office Manager must employ the most appropriate business methods, systems and equipment.In an efficient administrative structure, clerical operations are organized so that they add to the profitability of the business. However, in many countries the number of clerical staff has increased while the total number of workers employed in production has fallen. In Britain, for example, the total workforce in the years 1919-1976 went up by 25 %, while the number of people who were employed in clerical work increased by 150 %. For a country such as Britain, which depends on a manufacturing base, that can mean inefficiency.To ensure that office services run smoothly, there must be the means to check, sort, copy and file correspondence and other paperwork. Today there is a growing range of machines that can be used to do such jobs. The size and resources of a company will determine how mechanized or computerized its office systems are.The office must give maximum service at minimum cost. A balance must be kept between production, marketing, and administration. As a company develops and grows, the contribution of administration will vary in kind and in value.The most important objective in modern offices is the processing of data in order to provide a means of business control, but in many companies there are weaknesses in the ability to manage communications efficiently. For example, some data are often used only by individual managers, and different departments in the same company may use different data processing systems. In order to contribute to business efficiency, however, data processing must be a centralized service. The system which is required is one that looks at the total needs of a business and therefore assists management in making appropriate decisions quickly. According to the passage, the function of the Office Manager is to （）.
TEXT C Venus, one of the four inner planets of our solar system, is the closest body in the sky apart from the Moon, sometimes coming only 40 million km from the Earth. Thus, in the not- so-distant future, when man has colonized the Moon, he will start looking at Venus as his next step into space. As it is now, Venus’s environment is totally unfavourable to human life. Its surface temperature is almost 480℃. Its face is almost completely hidden from view by poisonous clouds of 90% carbon dioxide. But scientists have a simple plan which, they predict, could make Venus habitable. With the help of rockets, they plan to bombard the carbon dioxide clouds with colonies of blue-green algae. Experiments carried out on Earth have proved that blue-green algae can survive and reproduce normally in such an environment. The algae will consume the carbon and liberate the oxygen. They reproduce so quickly that the carbon dioxide could be broken down within one year. After that, the surface of Venus will be partly visible to telescopes on Earth. The increase in oxygen will have spectacular effects on the desert planet. As oxygen re- places the carbon dioxide, the sun’s infra-red radiation, which up to that moment was trapped under the clouds of carbon dioxide, will escape into space and the temperature of the lower atmosphere will decrease. Soon, water will collect from the atmospheric vapor and rain will start falling for the first time. That first rain will never reach the surface. It will vaporize into steam high up in he Venusian atmosphere, but it will have a very important effect. It will lower the ground temperature, perhaps by 35℃. Soon the rain will fall again and again, until the ground temperature is about 70℃. Then the "Big Rain" will strike the soil of Venus for the first time and the clouds will partly clear away, leaving an oxygen-rich atmosphere and a temperature cool enough to sustain hardy plants and animals from Earth. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage
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