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阅读下面材料：材料1 王充认为，万物之生，皆禀元气。“天地和气，万物自生，犹夫妇和气，子自生矣，……天覆于上，地偃于下，下气蒸上，上气降下，万物自生其中矣。” ——《论衡自然篇》赫拉克利特说：“这个世界，对于一切存在物都是一样的，它不是任何神所创造的，也不是任何人所创造的；它过去、现在、未来永远是一团永恒的活火，在一定的分寸上燃烧，在一定的分寸上熄灭。”“一切转化为火，火又转化为一切，有如黄金换成货物，货物又换成黄金。” --《西方哲学原著选读》上卷材料2 霍布斯认为：“所以，物体的定义可以这样下：物体是不依赖我们思想的东西，与空间的某个部分相合或具有同样的广袤。” 一一霍布斯《论物体》材料3 恩格斯指出：物、物质无非是各种物的总和，而这个概念就是从这一总和中抽象出来的。 ——《马克思恩格斯选集》第3卷列宁认为：物质是标志客观实在的哲学范畴，这种客观实在是人通过感觉感知的，它不依赖于我们的感觉而存在，为我们的感觉所复写、摄影、反映。 ——《列宁选集》第2卷请回答：谈谈对材料3的观点的认识和理解。

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E公司是一家技术领先的制药企业，最近为研发人员重新设计了薪酬模式，基本工资比例调整到员工收入的80%左右，薪酬等级由过去的8个合并为3个，每个薪酬等级的薪酬幅度大大增加，改变以往仅靠职位晋升获得薪酬增长的方式，研发人员可以通过两种途径获得薪酬提升，一是通过职位晋升，二是通过技术能力的提高。另外公司还为研发人员提供了大量的培训机会，并将培训成果在工作中的体现作为薪酬提升的重要评价因子。请根据上述情境，回答以下问题：该公司薪酬调整后，研发人员的职业生涯路径发生了怎样的转变？对公司而言，这种职业生涯路径的优势是什么？（8分）

Mother gave Alice 30 dollars. She spends a fifth of the 30 dollars on books, a quarter of the remainder at a hairdresser’s and buys a new skirt for 10 dollars. How many dollars does she have now

短文二他张着大嘴笑了，露出了一嘴的黄牙。他那长在半个葫芦样的头上的白发，也随着笑声一齐抖动着。“你为啥要给我做媳妇呢？”“我要天天吃灶糖哩！”他把旱烟锅子朝鞋底上磕着：“娃呀，你太小哩。”“你等我长大嘛！”他摸着我的头顶说：“不等你长大，我可该进土啦。”听了他的话，我着急了。他要是死了，那可咋办呢？我那淡淡的眉毛，在满是金黄色的茸毛的脑门上，拧成了疙瘩。我的脸也皱巴得像个核桃。他赶紧拿块灶糖塞进了我的手里。看着那块灶糖，我又咧着嘴笑了：“你别死啊，等着我长大。”他又乐了。答应着我：“我等你长大。” 概括童年的“我”与卖灶糖老汉的性格。

Questions 56 to 63 are based on the following passage. In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, flexible, and do not make mistakes. As one banker said, “Unlike humans, computers never have a bad day.” And they are honest. Many banks advertise that their transactions are “untouched by human hands” and therefore safe from human temptation （诱惑）. Obviously, computers have no reason to steal money. But they also have no conscience （良知）, and the growing number of computer crimes shows they can be used to steal. Computer criminals don’t use guns. And even if they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witness and often no evidence. A computer cannot remember who used it: it simply does what it is told. The head teller at a New York bank used a computer to steal more than one and a half billion dollars in just four years. No one noticed this theft because he moved the money from one account to another. Each time a customer he had robbed questioned the balance in his account, the teller claimed a computer error, then replaced the missing money from someone else’s account. This man was caught only because he was a gambler. When the police broke up an illegal gambling operation, his name was in the records. Some employees use the computer’s power to get revenge （报复） on their employers they consider unfair. Recently, a large insurance company fired its computer-tape librarian for reasons that involved her personal rather than her professional life. She was given thirty days notice. In those thirty days, she erased all the firm’s computerized records. Most computer criminals have been minor employees. Now police wonder if this is “the tip of the iceberg”. As one official says, “I have the feeling that there is more crime out there than we are catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorly done. I wonder what the real experts are doing — the ones who know how a computer works.” Questions: Why did many banks claim the transactions to be safe