题目内容

African wild dog Finding a babysitter while you go out to work is, for example, an inconvenience. For the African wild dog, one of the continent’s most endangered carnivores (食肉动物), it’s a matter of life and death. A new research shows that once packs (兽群) fall below a certain size, they are not enough animals to both hunt food and stay at home protecting the young. The African wild dog has declined drastically over the past century. Habitual loss (栖息地的丧失), persecution and unexplained outbreaks of disease have all been blamed. Only 3, 000 to 5,000 animals remain, and the species is expected to go extinct within decades if the trend continues. Other large carnivores such as the spotted hyena (鬣狗) face similar pressures, yet are not declining. Now Franck Courchamp of Cambridge University has found a reason why. The dog’s weakness lies in its social organization. Within each pack of up to 20 adults and pups, only the dominant male and female breed. The remaining animals help raise the pups, cooperating to hunt prey and defend the kill from other carnivores. Because pups can’t keep up on a hunt, large packs leave an adult behind to protect them from predators (捕猎者), which include lions and hyenas. But leaving a babysitter also carries costs. A smaller hunting party is less able to tackle large prey and to defend the kill. There is also one less stomach in which to carry food back to the den, and one more mouth to feed when they get there. Courchamp investigated this awkward trade-off (权衡) by modeling how the costs of a babysitter change with decreasing pack size. This showed that packs of more than five adults should be able to feed all the pups and still spare a babysitter. But with smaller packs, either the hunting or the babysitting suffers, or the animals have to compensate by increasing the number of hunting excursions which itself carries a cost to the pack. Field observations in Zimbabwe supported the model. Packs of five animals or fewer left pups unguarded more frequently than larger packs did. There was also evidence that when they did leave a babysitter, they were forced to hunt more often. A pack which drops below a critical size becomes caught in a vicious circle (恶性循环), says Courchamp, who is now at Paris-Sud University. "Poor reproduction and low survival further reduces pack size, culminating in (最终造成) failure of the whole pack." And deaths caused by human activity, says Courchamp, may be what reduce pack numbers to below the sustainable threshold. Mammal ecologist Chris Carbone at London’s Institute of Zoology agrees. Maintaining the integrity of wild dog packs will be vital in preserving the species, he says. The dominant female is always left behind to protect the young.

A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned

查看答案
更多问题

在泰罗看来,职能性组织中高层人员的动作控制建立在“______原则”上。

African wild dog Finding a babysitter while you go out to work is, for example, an inconvenience. For the African wild dog, one of the continent’s most endangered carnivores (食肉动物), it’s a matter of life and death. A new research shows that once packs (兽群) fall below a certain size, they are not enough animals to both hunt food and stay at home protecting the young. The African wild dog has declined drastically over the past century. Habitual loss (栖息地的丧失), persecution and unexplained outbreaks of disease have all been blamed. Only 3, 000 to 5,000 animals remain, and the species is expected to go extinct within decades if the trend continues. Other large carnivores such as the spotted hyena (鬣狗) face similar pressures, yet are not declining. Now Franck Courchamp of Cambridge University has found a reason why. The dog’s weakness lies in its social organization. Within each pack of up to 20 adults and pups, only the dominant male and female breed. The remaining animals help raise the pups, cooperating to hunt prey and defend the kill from other carnivores. Because pups can’t keep up on a hunt, large packs leave an adult behind to protect them from predators (捕猎者), which include lions and hyenas. But leaving a babysitter also carries costs. A smaller hunting party is less able to tackle large prey and to defend the kill. There is also one less stomach in which to carry food back to the den, and one more mouth to feed when they get there. Courchamp investigated this awkward trade-off (权衡) by modeling how the costs of a babysitter change with decreasing pack size. This showed that packs of more than five adults should be able to feed all the pups and still spare a babysitter. But with smaller packs, either the hunting or the babysitting suffers, or the animals have to compensate by increasing the number of hunting excursions which itself carries a cost to the pack. Field observations in Zimbabwe supported the model. Packs of five animals or fewer left pups unguarded more frequently than larger packs did. There was also evidence that when they did leave a babysitter, they were forced to hunt more often. A pack which drops below a critical size becomes caught in a vicious circle (恶性循环), says Courchamp, who is now at Paris-Sud University. "Poor reproduction and low survival further reduces pack size, culminating in (最终造成) failure of the whole pack." And deaths caused by human activity, says Courchamp, may be what reduce pack numbers to below the sustainable threshold. Mammal ecologist Chris Carbone at London’s Institute of Zoology agrees. Maintaining the integrity of wild dog packs will be vital in preserving the species, he says. The size of a pack must be big enough for it to survive.

A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned

经药品监督管理部门核准经营药品的品种类别是( )

A. 新药
B. 药品经营方式
C. 药品经营范围
D. 药品批发企业
E. 药品零售企业

对医疗保险用药和定点药店进行必要管理的是( )

A. 药品监督管理部门
B. 公安部
C. 发展与改革部门
D. 劳动与社会保障部门
E. 工商行政管理部门

答案查题题库