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In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympic athletic festival, held every four years in honor of Zeus, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event, and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B. C.The Games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored people were not allowed to compete. Records shc w that the evening of the third day was devoted to sacrificial offerings to the heroes of the day, and the fourth day, that of the full moon, was set aside as a holy day. On the sixth and last day, all the victors were crowned with holy garlands of wild olive from a sacred wood. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were abolished in A.D. 394 because of their pagan origin. It was a great many years before there was another such international athletic gathering. The Greek institution was brought back into existence in 1896 and the first small meeting took place in Athens. After the 1908 London Olympics, success was re-established and nations sent their best representatives.Today, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolizes the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. During the Games, on the evening before the moon was full().
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Poe was born in Boston in 1809. He attended the University of Virginia, where he was a distinguished student and developed his lifelong taste for liquor. Afterward, he enlisted in the U.S. Army and rose to the rank of sergeant major. He was expelled from West Point after a year, loosing his hopes of becoming a career officer.Poe started publishing his poetry and stories in the early 1830s and pursued a career in journalism to ensure some sort of financial security. In 1843, he published several works, including "The Tell-Tale Heart" and "The Gold Bug", which won a $100 prize in a contest sponsored by the Philadelphia Dollar Newspaper. The story made Poe famous with the fiction-reading public. His poem "The Raven", which appeared in the New York Evening Mirror in January 1845, was a critical and commercial success. Along with "To Helen" and "Annabel Lee", "The Raven" is considered one of Poe’s finest poems. "The Fall of the House of Usher" and "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" are arguably two of his best short stories. But both Poe’s and his wife Virginia’s poor health kept the pair in financial and emotional distress. Poe died in 1849. How old was he when Poe died().
On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries (21) themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits (22) 10 percent of the previous years government (23) ; reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help (24) macroeconomic policies; and (25) up a common central bank. Their declaration (26) that, "Member States (27) the need (28) strong political commitment and (29) to (30) all such national policies (31) would facilitate the regional monetary integration process. "The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to (32) broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and (33) institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the region. (34) independence, (35) , these currency boards were (36) , with the (37) of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region’s countries have to (38) inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional (39) in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be (40) . 21().
Hawaii’s native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago’s political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii’s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state’s homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii’s first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives’ cause a major boost be recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the state as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this. Which of the following statement is true of the Hawaiian natives().
Poe was born in Boston in 1809. He attended the University of Virginia, where he was a distinguished student and developed his lifelong taste for liquor. Afterward, he enlisted in the U.S. Army and rose to the rank of sergeant major. He was expelled from West Point after a year, loosing his hopes of becoming a career officer.Poe started publishing his poetry and stories in the early 1830s and pursued a career in journalism to ensure some sort of financial security. In 1843, he published several works, including "The Tell-Tale Heart" and "The Gold Bug", which won a $100 prize in a contest sponsored by the Philadelphia Dollar Newspaper. The story made Poe famous with the fiction-reading public. His poem "The Raven", which appeared in the New York Evening Mirror in January 1845, was a critical and commercial success. Along with "To Helen" and "Annabel Lee", "The Raven" is considered one of Poe’s finest poems. "The Fall of the House of Usher" and "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" are arguably two of his best short stories. But both Poe’s and his wife Virginia’s poor health kept the pair in financial and emotional distress. Poe died in 1849. Which is not considered as Poe’s finest poems().
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