Language comprehension is generally viewed in cognitive theory asconsisting of active and complex processes in which individuals constructmeaning from aural or written information. It is commonly proposed thatthe mental processes necessary for comprehending aural and written textsare sufficiently similar which comprehension of both can generally be (1)______discussed as common phenomenon. Comprehension is generally (2)______differentiated into three interrelated processes: perceptual processing,parsing (grammatical analysis), and utilization. In perceptual processing,attention focuses on the oral or written text, in portions of the text being (3)______retained in short-term memory. The capacity limitations of short-termmemory prevent specific word sequences from retained longer than a few (4)______seconds, as new information on which the person attends replaces the old (5)______information in short-term memory. In parsing, the second comprehensionprocess, words and phrases are used to construct meaningful mentalrepresentations of text. Individuals first decode the individual words by (6)______matching the aural or visual pattern of the word with their representation in (7)______the declarative knowledge stored in long-term memory. The result ofdecoding is lexical access, and a matching between words in short-term (8)______memory and a type of dictionary in long-term memory that enables us toidentify the meanings of individual words. The third process, utilization,composes of relating a mental representation of the text meaning to (9)______declarative knowledge, which is stored in long-term memory in terms ofeither propositions or schemata. Utilization is the key of comprehension and (10)______the basic determinant that facilitates it. (5)处改错:()。
Language comprehension is generally viewed in cognitive theory asconsisting of active and complex processes in which individuals constructmeaning from aural or written information. It is commonly proposed thatthe mental processes necessary for comprehending aural and written textsare sufficiently similar which comprehension of both can generally be (1)______discussed as common phenomenon. Comprehension is generally (2)______differentiated into three interrelated processes: perceptual processing,parsing (grammatical analysis), and utilization. In perceptual processing,attention focuses on the oral or written text, in portions of the text being (3)______retained in short-term memory. The capacity limitations of short-termmemory prevent specific word sequences from retained longer than a few (4)______seconds, as new information on which the person attends replaces the old (5)______information in short-term memory. In parsing, the second comprehensionprocess, words and phrases are used to construct meaningful mentalrepresentations of text. Individuals first decode the individual words by (6)______matching the aural or visual pattern of the word with their representation in (7)______the declarative knowledge stored in long-term memory. The result ofdecoding is lexical access, and a matching between words in short-term (8)______memory and a type of dictionary in long-term memory that enables us toidentify the meanings of individual words. The third process, utilization,composes of relating a mental representation of the text meaning to (9)______declarative knowledge, which is stored in long-term memory in terms ofeither propositions or schemata. Utilization is the key of comprehension and (10)______the basic determinant that facilitates it. (10)处改错:()。
Ten Tips for Reducing Stress While in CollegeStress is something you can control. Follow these ten tips to learn how to control it.1. Most Importantly: Don’t Stress About Being Stresseda)the best way to handle stress: not get more stressed about being stressed;b)If you’re stressed out, (1) it and figure out how to handle it.2. Get Some Sleepa)Getting more sleep can help your mind refocus, (2) , and rebalance.b)One good night’s sleep can be all you need.3. Get Some FoodGo to eat something that is (3) .4. Get Some Exercisea)Exercise doesn’t necessarily have to be violent;b)It can mean a (4) , 30-minute walk.5. Get Some Quiet Timea) (5) in college is rare.b)Finding a few quiet moments is necessary.6. Get Some Social Timea)Your brain is like a muscle which needs (6) b) Having a social life is an important part of your college experience.7. Get Some FunTry to figure out how to make the stressful thing a little more (7) .8. Get Some DistanceIt’s okay to take a step back and focus on yourself for a little while, especially if you are stressed and your (8) are at risk.9. Get a Little Helpa)Don’t be afraid to make an appointment if you think it will help.b)It may help you realize that what you are so stressed about are actually pretty (9) .10. Get Some Perspectivea)College life can be (10) b)Keep your eye on the prize and then head out and change the world ! (5)处填()。
TEXT BNot so long ago television was scary. It was held to turn children into imbeciles, make men violent and corrupt political discourse. Books tried to alert people to the menace in their living rooms: the best of them was Neil Postman’s Amusing Ourselves to Death, published in 1985. Musicians vilified TV in songs like "She Watch Channel Zero" and "Television, the Drug of the Nation".These clays newspapers are filled with tales of Facebook stalkers, Craigslist killers, cyber-bullying and screen addiction. E-mail, bogs and YouTube, not television, are held responsible for the degradation of politics. As the Internet grabs attention, television has become more pitied than feared. A Google search on the phrase "threat from television" turns up some 500 results, many of them historical. "Threat to television" generates eight times as many.Much of this is misguided. People spend more time watching television now than they did when rappers attacked it with songs. As a thorough study by the Council for Research Excellence has shown, Americans spend more time watching television than they spend surfing the web, sending e-mails, watching DVDs, playing computer games, reading newspapers and talking on mobile phones put together. Television is not disappearing. But nor is it the only star in the sky.The Internet, both fixed and mobile, poses a growing challenge to television. It lures advertisers with promises of precision: why pay huge sums to scatter a message among millions of people when you can target the few who seem to be interested in your product To consumers it promises choice, engagement and a low (or no) price. And the Internet has powerful backers. Despite all that hand-wringing over the dangers of technology, governments from South Korea to Sweden seem to regard universal fast broadband as a human right, to be paid for out of general taxation.With the important exception of sport, early attempts to deliver TV content over the web and mobile phones have proved unprofitable. The worst mistakes are now being put right. But it is doubtful that the economics of online or mobile video will ever be as attractive as the economics of traditional television. As video goes online, a world of restricted choice and limited advertising space turns into one where both are available in almost endless quantities. More supply means lower prices.Technology also competes for attention. Although families still gather around the TV set as they have done for decades, they now bring electronic distractions with them. Nielsen reckons that 13% of people who watched the Academy Awards ceremony this year went online during the programmed, up from 9% last year. The multitask did not appear to gravitate to entertainment websites. Google and Facebook topped the list of websites visited during the Oscars, just as they did during the Super Bowl and the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics.For the biggest TV shows, technology is a boon. Social-networking websites create chatter around reality-TV programmers, increasing awareness and drawing viewers. Television executives have long endeavored to create "water-cooler" shows which people will talk about at work the next day. Chris Silverman, president of International Creative Management, a talent agency, says Facebook and Twitter function a bit like large digital water-coolers. As audiences fragment, the big shows’ ability to draw huge numbers of eyeballs at a specific time becomes ever more valuable to advertisers.For shows of middling popularity, including many scripted dramas and comedies, life is harder. Big shows are crowding out smaller ones, partly because of the amplifying effects of social media and partly because of the spread of digital video recorders, which make it easy to watch nothing but hits. Online video nibbles at their audience, too. How to survive in this world of giant competitors and new distractions One answer is to involve viewers more in programmers. Television is extremely good at creating characters and gripping stories. It is much less good at encouraging people to engage with those stories. Simon Cowbell has proved that people will vote for contestants in talent shows.Television is supreme at holding the attention of a large number of people for long periods. Other gadgets divert people from the box, but not nearly as much as TV diverts them from all those other gadgets. And technology has undermined some of television’s biggest competitors, notably newspapers. In a world of fragmenting audiences, if TV can combine scale with specificity, become more responsive to its audience and learn to aim adverts more precisely, it will continue to thrive. The passage is written to inform us that().
A. TV outweighs the Internet in that the former attracts more audience.
B. the Internet has brought much more social problems than that TV has.
C. TV, the last remaining mass medium, should engage with its audience.
D. other mass media have been defeated by new means of media today.