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(各备选选项中，至少有一个符合题意) 某集成电路公司拟建设一条生产线，进行集成电路后工序生产。从硅圆片贴膜开始，经划片、粘片、键合、封装、去飞片、镀锡、切筋、成型、测试、老化、打印、包装等一系列集成电路后工序。 废气来源：①装配室和塑封室。一部分引线框架需使用硝酸、硫酸及纯水进行清洗，因此会产生少量硝酸雾及硫酸雾。②镀锡室。镀件是集成电路引线框架脚，在镀锡及清洗过程中产生少量硝酸雾及硫酸雾废气。③标记、打印室。在使用高纯度乙醇擦拭打印痕迹时，会产生少量乙醇挥发废气。 废气产生量及治理措施：采用废气洗涤塔，将生产过程中产生的含有硝酸雾、硫酸雾的废气引至洗涤塔用碱液喷淋。治理后硫酸雾排放速率为2.0kg/h，硝酸雾排放速率为2.0kg/h。 生产工艺废水有：①镀锡废水。来自镀锡室，含硫酸、硝酸、Pb、Cu、Ni、 Fe、Sn。②划片废水。来自划片清洗工序，含有残余硝酸，呈弱酸性，有少量悬浮物。③酸碱废水。主要是纯水站离子交换树脂的再生废水，含有盐酸或氢氧化钠。④废气洗涤废水。来源于废气洗涤塔，即电镀工艺废气产生的酸性废气通过洗涤塔，用碱性溶液对其进行洗涤处理后产生的废水。主要含氢氧化钠和盐类。总排水量670m3/d，其中包括厂区生活污水。 废水治理措施：拟建一座废水处理站，对生产车间、纯水站及废气洗涤塔所排废水进行集中处理，处理后的生产废水与厂区生活污水汇合后经厂区总排口排入市政污水管线。 该项目拟建于工业开发区，污水经市政管线排入城市集中污水处理厂，由市政热力集中供热。 项目所在地为噪声2类地区，该项目24h生产，风机治理前对厂界影响为60dB(A)，治理后对厂界影响为55dB(A)，以下说法正确的是( )。
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某建设工程项目为钢结构工程，设计图纸齐全。目前，主体结构正在施工。建设单位委托某监理公司负责施工阶段的监理工作。 请根据上述条件，回答下列问题。 由于钢结构的除锈和涂装是目前钢结构承包单位较易忽视的一项工作，也是钢结构工程施工的薄弱环节，所以对于钢结构工程的涂装质量控制，监理人员应做好哪些工作
SAVING LANGUAGE There is nothing unusual about a single language dying. Communities have come and gone throughout history, and with them their language. But what is happening today is extraordinary, judged by the standards of the past. It is language extinction on a large scale. According to the best estimates, there are some 6, 000 languages in the world. Of course, about half are going to die out in the course of the next century: that’’s 3,000 language in 1,200 months. On average, there is a language dying out somewhere in the world every two weeks or so. How do we know In the course of the past two or three decades, linguists all over the world have been gathering comparative data. If they find a language with just a few speakers left, and nobody is bothering to pass the language on to the children, they conclude that language is bound to die out soon. And we have to draw the same conclusion if a language has less than 100 speakers. It is not likely to last very long. A 1999 survey shows that 97 per cent of the world’’s languages are spoken by just four percent of the people. It is too late to do anything to help many languages, where the speakers are too few or too old, and where the community is too busy just trying to survive to care about their language. But many languages are not in such a serious position. Often, where languages are seriously endangered, there are things that can be done to give new life to them. It is called revitalization. Once a community realizes that its language is in danger, it can start to introduce measures which can genuinely revitalize. The community itself must want to save its language. The culture of which it is a part must need to have a respect for minority languages. There need to be funding to support courses, materials, and teachers. And there need to be linguists to get on with the basic task of putting the language down on paper. That’’s the bottom line: getting the language documented—recorded, analyzed, written down. People must be able to read and write down. People must be able to read and write if they and their language are to have a future in an increasingly computer-literate civilization. But can we save a few thousand languages, just like that Yes, if the will and funding were available. It is not cheap getting linguists into the field, training local analysts, supporting the community with language resources and teachers, compiling grammars and dictionaries, writing materials for use in schools. It takes time, lots of it, to revitalize an endangered language. Conditions vary so much that it is difficult to generalize, but a figure of $ 900 millions, is not only stopping its steady decline towards extinction but showing signs of real growth. Two language Acts protect the status of Welsh now, and its presence is increasingly in evidence wherever you travel in Wales. On the other side of the world, Maori in New Zealand has been maintained by a system of so-called "language nests", first introduced in 1982. These are organizations which provide children under five with a domestic setting in which they are all intensively exposed to the language. The staff are all Maori speakers from the local community. The hope is that the children will keep their Maori skills alive after leaving the nests, and that as they grow older they will in turn become role models to a new generation of young children. There are cases like this all over the world. And when the reviving language is associated with a degree of political autonomy, the growth can be especially striking, as shown by Faroese, spoken in the Faroe Islands, after the islanders received a measure of autonomy from Denmark. In Switzerland, Romansch was facing a difficult situation, spoken in five very different dialects, with small and diminishing numbers, as young people left their community numbers in the German-speaking cities. The solution here was the creation in the 1980s of a unified written language for all these dialects. Romansch Grischun, as it is now called, has official status in parts of Switzerland, and is being increasingly used in spoken form on radio and television. A language can be brought back from the very brink of extinction. The Ainu language of Japan, after many years of neglect and repression, had reached a stage where there were only eight fluent speakers left, all elderly. However, new government policies brought fresh attitudes and a positive interest in survival. Several "semispeakers" —people who become unwilling to speak Ainu because of the negative attitudes by Japanese speakers — were prompted to become active speakers again. There is fresh interest now and the language is more publicly available than it has been for years. If good descriptions and materials arc available, even extinct languages can be revived. Kaurna, from South Australia, is an example. This language had been extinct for about a century, but had been quite well documented. So, when a strong movement grew for its revival, it was possible to reconstruct it. The revised language is not the same as the original, of course. It lacks the range that the original had, and much of the old vocabulary. But it can nonetheless act as a badge of present-day identity for its people. And as long as people continue to value it as a true marker of their identity, and are prepared to keep using it, it will develop new functions and new vocabulary, as any other living language would do. It is too soon to predict the future of these revived languages, but in some parts of the world they are attracting precisely the range of positive attitudes and grass roots support which are the preconditions for language survival. In such unexpected but heart-warming ways might we see the grand total of languages in the world increased. The small community whose language is under threat can take measures to revitalize the language.
SAVING LANGUAGE There is nothing unusual about a single language dying. Communities have come and gone throughout history, and with them their language. But what is happening today is extraordinary, judged by the standards of the past. It is language extinction on a large scale. According to the best estimates, there are some 6, 000 languages in the world. Of course, about half are going to die out in the course of the next century: that’’s 3,000 language in 1,200 months. On average, there is a language dying out somewhere in the world every two weeks or so. How do we know In the course of the past two or three decades, linguists all over the world have been gathering comparative data. If they find a language with just a few speakers left, and nobody is bothering to pass the language on to the children, they conclude that language is bound to die out soon. And we have to draw the same conclusion if a language has less than 100 speakers. It is not likely to last very long. A 1999 survey shows that 97 per cent of the world’’s languages are spoken by just four percent of the people. It is too late to do anything to help many languages, where the speakers are too few or too old, and where the community is too busy just trying to survive to care about their language. But many languages are not in such a serious position. Often, where languages are seriously endangered, there are things that can be done to give new life to them. It is called revitalization. Once a community realizes that its language is in danger, it can start to introduce measures which can genuinely revitalize. The community itself must want to save its language. The culture of which it is a part must need to have a respect for minority languages. There need to be funding to support courses, materials, and teachers. And there need to be linguists to get on with the basic task of putting the language down on paper. That’’s the bottom line: getting the language documented—recorded, analyzed, written down. People must be able to read and write down. People must be able to read and write if they and their language are to have a future in an increasingly computer-literate civilization. But can we save a few thousand languages, just like that Yes, if the will and funding were available. It is not cheap getting linguists into the field, training local analysts, supporting the community with language resources and teachers, compiling grammars and dictionaries, writing materials for use in schools. It takes time, lots of it, to revitalize an endangered language. Conditions vary so much that it is difficult to generalize, but a figure of $ 900 millions, is not only stopping its steady decline towards extinction but showing signs of real growth. Two language Acts protect the status of Welsh now, and its presence is increasingly in evidence wherever you travel in Wales. On the other side of the world, Maori in New Zealand has been maintained by a system of so-called "language nests", first introduced in 1982. These are organizations which provide children under five with a domestic setting in which they are all intensively exposed to the language. The staff are all Maori speakers from the local community. The hope is that the children will keep their Maori skills alive after leaving the nests, and that as they grow older they will in turn become role models to a new generation of young children. There are cases like this all over the world. And when the reviving language is associated with a degree of political autonomy, the growth can be especially striking, as shown by Faroese, spoken in the Faroe Islands, after the islanders received a measure of autonomy from Denmark. In Switzerland, Romansch was facing a difficult situation, spoken in five very different dialects, with small and diminishing numbers, as young people left their community numbers in the German-speaking cities. The solution here was the creation in the 1980s of a unified written language for all these dialects. Romansch Grischun, as it is now called, has official status in parts of Switzerland, and is being increasingly used in spoken form on radio and television. A language can be brought back from the very brink of extinction. The Ainu language of Japan, after many years of neglect and repression, had reached a stage where there were only eight fluent speakers left, all elderly. However, new government policies brought fresh attitudes and a positive interest in survival. Several "semispeakers" —people who become unwilling to speak Ainu because of the negative attitudes by Japanese speakers — were prompted to become active speakers again. There is fresh interest now and the language is more publicly available than it has been for years. If good descriptions and materials arc available, even extinct languages can be revived. Kaurna, from South Australia, is an example. This language had been extinct for about a century, but had been quite well documented. So, when a strong movement grew for its revival, it was possible to reconstruct it. The revised language is not the same as the original, of course. It lacks the range that the original had, and much of the old vocabulary. But it can nonetheless act as a badge of present-day identity for its people. And as long as people continue to value it as a true marker of their identity, and are prepared to keep using it, it will develop new functions and new vocabulary, as any other living language would do. It is too soon to predict the future of these revived languages, but in some parts of the world they are attracting precisely the range of positive attitudes and grass roots support which are the preconditions for language survival. In such unexpected but heart-warming ways might we see the grand total of languages in the world increased. Language extinct more quickly in certain parts of the world than in others.
Although your Chinese host will not expect you to know everything about proper banquet behavior, he will greatly appreciate it when you are displaying some knowledge of the subject, because it shows that you have respect for Chinese culture, manners and traditions. Banquets are usually held in restaurants in private rooms that have been reserved for the purpose. You will be met at the door and guided to the banquet room. Traditionally, the head of your delegation should enter the room first. Do not be surprised if your hosts greet you with a loud round of applause. The proper response is to applaud back. Seating arrangements, which are based on rank, are stricter than in the West. Guests should never assume that they may sit where they please and should wait for hosts to guide them to their places. Traditionally, the Chinese regard the right side as the superior and the left side as the inferior. Therefore on formal occasions, including meetings and banquets, the host invariably arranges for the main guests to sit on his right side. At very formal banquets, people do not begin to eat until the principal host served a portion to the principal guest. Or, the host may simply raise his chopsticks and announce that eating has begun. After this point, one may serve oneself any food in any amount. Remember to go slow on eating. Don’’t fill yourself up when five courses are left to go. To stop eating in the middle of a banquet is rude, and your host may incorrectly think that something has been done to offend you. Drinking takes an important place in Chinese banquets. Toasting is necessary, and the drinking of spirits begins only after the host has made a toast at the beginning of the meal. When he says the words gan bei, which means bottoms up, all present should drain their glasses. After this initial toast, drinking and toasting are open to all. Subsequent toasts can be made from person to person or to the group as a whole. No words are needed to make a toast, and it is not necessary to drain your glass, although to do so is more respectful. Who might be the targeted reader of this passage
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