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Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 19-23 on your answer sheet.Geoengineering projectsA range of geoengineering ideas has been put forward, which aim either to prevent the melting of the ice caps or to stop the general rise in global temperatures. One scheme to discourage the melting of ice and snow involves introducing (19) to the Arctic because of their colour. The build-up of ice could be encouraged by dispersing ice along the coasts using special ships and changing the direction of some (20) but this scheme is dependent on certain weather conditions. Another way of increasing the amount of ice involves using (21) to bring water to the surface. A scheme to stop ice moving would use (22) but this method is more likely to be successful in preventing the ice from travelling in one direction rather than stopping it altogether. A suggestion for cooling global temperatures is based on what has happened in the past after (23) and it involves creating clouds of gas. 21（）

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Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 19-23 on your answer sheet.Geoengineering projectsA range of geoengineering ideas has been put forward, which aim either to prevent the melting of the ice caps or to stop the general rise in global temperatures. One scheme to discourage the melting of ice and snow involves introducing (19) to the Arctic because of their colour. The build-up of ice could be encouraged by dispersing ice along the coasts using special ships and changing the direction of some (20) but this scheme is dependent on certain weather conditions. Another way of increasing the amount of ice involves using (21) to bring water to the surface. A scheme to stop ice moving would use (22) but this method is more likely to be successful in preventing the ice from travelling in one direction rather than stopping it altogether. A suggestion for cooling global temperatures is based on what has happened in the past after (23) and it involves creating clouds of gas. 20（）

Questions 14-18Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following informationWrite the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet. You may use any letter more than once. maintenance problems associated with geoengineering projects（）

Look at the following people (Questions 24-26) and the fist of opinions below.Match each person with the correct opinion, A-E.Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.List of opinionsA. The problems of geoengineering shouldn’t mean that ideas are not seriously considered.B. Some geoengineering projects are more likely to succeed than others.C. Geoengineering only offers a short-term solution.D. A positive outcome of geoengineering may have a negative consequence elsewhere.E. Most geoengineering projects aren’t clear in what they are aiming at. Martin Sommerkorn（）

Questions 31-36Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.The Argus systemDeveloped by Rob Holman in N. Carolina with other researchers.Research is vital for understanding of (31) .Matches information from under the water with information from a (32) According to S. Jeffress Williams, useful because can make observations during a (33) .Dr Holman’s sand collectionDr H. has samples from every (34) Used in teaching students of (35) e.g. US East Coast display:grains from south are small, light-coloured and (36) in shape. 36（）