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Text 1 It is surprising how many expressions that people use every day tame from the card game poker For ex- ample, you hear the expression "ace in the hole" used by many who would never think of going near a poker table. An ace in the hole is any argument, plan or thinking kept hidden until needed, especially when it can turn failure into success. In poker and most card games, the ace is the highest and most valuable card. It is often a winning card. In one kind of poker game, the first card to each player is dealt face down. A player does not show-this card to the other players. The other cards are dealt face up with the players betting money each time they receive another card. No one knows until the end of the game whose hidden card is the winner. Often, the "ace in the hole" wins the game. Smart card players, especially those who play for large amounts of money, closely watch the person who deals the cards. They are watching to make sure he is dealing honestly, that he is not dealing off the bottom of the stack of cards. A dealer who is doing that has "stacked the deck". He has fixed the cards so that he will get higher cards and you will lose. The expression "dealing off the bottom" now means cheating in business, as well as in cards. And when someone tells you that "the cards are stacked" against you, he is saying you do not have a chance to succeed. In a poker game you do not want to let your opponents know if your cards are good or bad. So having a "poker face" is important. A poker face never shows any emotion, never expresses either good or bad feelings. No one can learn, by looking at your face. if your cards are good or bad. People now use "poker face" in everyday speech to describe someone who shows no emotion. Someone who has a "poker face" usually is good at "bluffing". Bluffing is trying to trick a person into believing something about you that is not true. In poker, you bluff when you bet heavily on a poor hand. The idea is to make the other players believe you have strong cards and are sure to win. If they believe you, they are likely to drop out of the game, leaving to you the money they have bet. You can do a better job of bluffing if you "hold your cards close to your vest". You hold your cards close to you so no one else can see what you have. In everyday speech, holding your cards close to your vest means not letting others know what you are doing or thinking. You arc keeping your plans secret. From the passage, we can infer that this essay comes from a book on ______.
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Text Senility refers to great losses of intellectual capacity that occurs in old age and is (26) with the wide- spread loss of nerve cells and the (27) of brain tissue. Senility is a great decline from a previous intellectual (28) in an aging person. Memory is the mental capacity most 6ften affected. The memory loss may first show itself clearly in simple absentmindedness or a (n) (29) to forget or (30) things and repeal oneself in conversation. (31) the senility progresses, the loss of memory (32) in scope until the patient can no longer remember basic social and (33) skills or (34) independently. There may also be declines in the person’s language skills, spatial or temporal orientation. (35) or other cognitive (36) and personality changes may also be (37) to see. Senility usually has a slow, gradual onset and is (38) common in persons over age 75. The most common (39) of the syndrome is Alzheimer’s disease, which (40) for about 50 percent of all elderly persons with (41) mind and is hard to restore a former state. The second most common cause is vascular senility which arise from hypertension (high blood pressure) or some other vascular condition. In this type, a series of small strokes (中风) progressively destroy small (42) of the brain, eventually leading to senility. There is no (43) for Alzheimer’s disease, but vascular senility can (44) be prevented or its (45) slowed by treatment of the underlying systemic vascular disorder. Among other significant causes of senility in the elderly are Huntington’s chorea, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis.
Text Senility refers to great losses of intellectual capacity that occurs in old age and is (26) with the wide- spread loss of nerve cells and the (27) of brain tissue. Senility is a great decline from a previous intellectual (28) in an aging person. Memory is the mental capacity most 6ften affected. The memory loss may first show itself clearly in simple absentmindedness or a (n) (29) to forget or (30) things and repeal oneself in conversation. (31) the senility progresses, the loss of memory (32) in scope until the patient can no longer remember basic social and (33) skills or (34) independently. There may also be declines in the person’s language skills, spatial or temporal orientation. (35) or other cognitive (36) and personality changes may also be (37) to see. Senility usually has a slow, gradual onset and is (38) common in persons over age 75. The most common (39) of the syndrome is Alzheimer’s disease, which (40) for about 50 percent of all elderly persons with (41) mind and is hard to restore a former state. The second most common cause is vascular senility which arise from hypertension (high blood pressure) or some other vascular condition. In this type, a series of small strokes (中风) progressively destroy small (42) of the brain, eventually leading to senility. There is no (43) for Alzheimer’s disease, but vascular senility can (44) be prevented or its (45) slowed by treatment of the underlying systemic vascular disorder. Among other significant causes of senility in the elderly are Huntington’s chorea, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis.
Part A You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer--A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Now look at question 1. Why did the man receive a ticket
Text 2 When we think of Hollywood, a term I use loosely to describe American movie production in general, not simply films made in Los Angeles. we think of films aimed at amusing audiences and making money for producers. During the early years of the new century, as workers won their demands for higher wages and a shorter working week, leisure assumed an increasingly important role in, everyday life. Amusement parks, professional baseball games, nickelodeons, and dance halls attracted a wide array of men and women anxious to spend their hard-earned dollars in the pursuit of fun and relaxation. Yet of all these new cultural endeavors, films were the most important and widely attended source of amusement. For mere five or ten cents, even the poorest worker could afford to take himself and his family to the local nickelodeon or storefront theatre. Taking root in urban working class and immigrant neighborhoods cinemas soon spread to middle-class districts of cities and into small communities throughout the nation. "Every little town that has never been able to afford and maintain an opera house", observed one journalist in 1908. "now boasts one or two Bijou Dream." By 1910 the appeal of films was so great that nearly one third of the nation flocked to the cinema each week; ten years later, weekly attendance equaled 50 percent of the nation’s population. Early films were primarily aimed at entertaining audiences, but entertainment did not always come in the form of escapist fantasies. Many of the issues that dominated Progressive era politics were also portrayed on the screen. "Between 1900 and 1917," observed Kevin Brownlow. "literally thousands of films dealt with the most pressing problems of the day — white slavery, political corruption, gangsterism, loan sharking, slum landlords, capital vs. labor, racial prejudice, etc." While most of these films were produced by studios and independent companies, a significant number were made by what we might call today "special interest groups". As films quickly emerged as the nation’s most popular form of mass entertainment, they attracted the attention of a wide range of organizations that recognized the medium’s enormous potential for disseminating propaganda to millions of viewers. We can almost be sure that a "nickelodeon" is a ______.
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