Touch and pain sensations from our feet have different ascending pathways. Which description is correct?
A. (A) both of them cross the midline to the contralateral side at medulla
B. (B) only pain pathway crosses the midline at midbrain
C. (C) both of them integrate information at thalamus
D. (D) only touch signal is propagated via C fibers
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Which is correct about somatosensory system in the cerebral cortex?
A. (A) somatosensory maps in different species reflect different somatic sensibilities
B. (B) the somatosensory cortex has a columnar organization
C. (C) the cortical columns are organized somatotopically
D. (D) all of above
Which pair is correct about pain sensations?
A. (A) freezing pain is conducted via Aδ fibers
B. (B) pricking pain is conducted via C fibers
C. (C) burning does not cause second pain
D. (D) sharp stimuli activates mechanical nociceptors and causes second pain
Nociceptive information can be conducted via five ascending pathways. Which tract is responsible for conscious pain?
A. (A) spinothalamic tract
B. (B) spinoreticular tract
C. (C) cervicothalamic tract
D. (D) spinohypothalamic tract
Which cell types are responsible for mediating lateral inhibition in the retina?
A. (A) cone and rod photoreceptors
B. (B) cone and rod bipolar cells
C. (C) horizontal and amacrine cells
D. (D) glial and ganglion cells
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