The Northern Lights The sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind. The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don’t worry because a protective magnetic fields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect. The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights. Watching auroras is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate, flicker, or even move like waves. During solar maximum, auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico! Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick. We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it! An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick.
A. right
B. wrong
C. not mentioned
The Northern Lights The sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind. The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don’t worry because a protective magnetic fields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect. The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights. Watching auroras is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate, flicker, or even move like waves. During solar maximum, auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico! Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick. We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it! The Sun’s gravity is too weak to keep its plasma from flowing to the Earth.
A. right
B. wrong
C. not mentioned
通过分析样品所含的碳元素,取自宾夕法尼亚州一个岩洞地面上的样品的日期得以确定。样品所标定的日期与人类的活动相联系,在时间上形成了一个从现在到过去的一个连续的系列,该系列与样品取自地面的深度相关联,最古老和最深处的样品被标定为19650年前的遗物,误差在上下2400年之间。怀疑者认为该日期太早,与公认的人类移居南美洲的时间不符,提议该样品可能会被附近煤沉积层中渗出的地下水中溶解的碳所污染。 以下哪项,如果为真,最能强有力地驳斥怀疑者的意见
A. 不可能有渗出的地下水所造成的污染仅影响到那个地方较深处的样品而没影响到最上层样品的形成。
B. 并不是每一种碳元素标定日期的方法都会被科学家们普遍接受。
C. 没有迹象表明,人们在最深层可能沉积下的时候在使用煤做燃料。
D. 该系列中没有样品,当用碳元素标定日期法对这些样品的日期进行再次检测时,没有样品标定的日期会比它上一层中样品的早。
E. 在北美没有其他地方所产生的样品,通过碳元素日期标定法所确定的日期的古老程度能与宾夕法尼亚州的相比拟。
Last year my friends and I went camping. Last year I went camping______.