The importance of agriculture cannot be overstated. More than 50 percent of the world’’s labor force is employed in agriculture. The distribution in the early 1980s ranged from 67 percent of those employed in Africa to less than 5 percent in North America. In Western Europe, the figure was about 16 percent; in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, about 32 percent; and in Asia, about 68 percent.Farm size varies widely from region to region. Recently the average for Canadian farms was about 186 ha (about 460 acres) per farm, and for U.S. farms, about 175 ha (about 432 acres). The average size of a single landholding in the Philippines, however, may be somewhat less than 3.6 ha (less than 9 acres), and in Indonesia, a little less than 1.2 ha (less than 3 acres).Size also depends on the purpose of the farm. Commercial farming, or production for cash, is usually done on large holdings. The plantations of Latin America are large, privately owned estates worked by tenant labor. Single-crop plantations produce tea, rubber, cocoa. Wheat farms are most efficient when they comprise some thousands of hectares and can be worked by teams of people and machines. Australian sheep stations and other livestock farms must be large to provide grazing for thousands of animals.Individual subsistence farms or small-family mixed-farm operations are decreasing in number in developed countries but are still numerous in the developing countries of Africa and Asia. A "back-to-the-land" movement in the U.S. reversed the decline of small farms in New England and Alaska in the decade from 1970 to 1980.The conditions that determine what will be raised in an area include climate, water supply, and terrain.Over the 10,000 years since agriculture began to be developed, peoples everywhere have discovered the food value of wild plants and animals and domesticated and bred them. The most important are cereals such as wheat, rice, barley, corn and rye.Agricultural income is also derived from non-food crops such as rubber, fiber plants, tobacco, and oilseeds used in synthetic chemical compounds. Money is also derived from raising animals for pelt.Much of the foreign exchange earned by a country may be derived from a single commodity; for example, Sri Lanka depends on tea, Denmark specializes in dairy products, Australia in wool, and New Zealand and Argentina in meat products. In the U.S., wheat has become a major foreign exchange commodity in recent years.The importance of an individual country as an exporter of agricultural products depends on many variables. Among them is the possibility that the country is too little developed industrially to produce manufactured goods in sufficient quantity or technical sophistication. Such agricultural exporters include Ghana with cocoa, and Myanmar with rice. On the other hand, an exceptionally well-developed country may produce surpluses not needed by its own population; this has been true of the U.S., Canada, and some of the West European countries.
四、定义判断每道题中都给出了一个概念的定义,请你根据这个定义,从四个备选的事物或行为中选出一个最为符合或最不符合该定义的典型事物或行为。注意:在这项测验中,本定义被假定为正确的、不容置疑的。 典型调查,是指只收集典型单位资料的调查方法,典型单位指在被分析研究的现象方面具有突出特征的单位,可以是具极端标志的单位,也可以是最一般的单位即普通单位的代表,通过典型调查可以研究总体发展的一般情况和特点。 下列选项中,属于典型调查的是( )
A. 在某单位工作业绩经验总结调查中,有意识地选择销售业绩第一名和销售业绩最后一名的职员进行调查
B. 在某校在校生每月生活费用支出调查中,随机选择100名在校生进行问卷调查
C. 在某市工业企业生产情况调查中,选择少数经营业绩好,企业利润占全部工业企业利润比重较大的8个大型企业进行调查
D. 在某市工业生产设备情况调查中,对全部工业企业的每一台生产设备进行调查
四、定义判断每道题中都给出了一个概念的定义,请你根据这个定义,从四个备选的事物或行为中选出一个最为符合或最不符合该定义的典型事物或行为。注意:在这项测验中,本定义被假定为正确的、不容置疑的。 公共物品,是指在消费上具有非竞争性、非排他性的商品,供整个社会共同享用的物品。 下列选项中,不属于公共物品的是( )
A. 警察提供的安全服务
B. 研究和开发
C. 环境保护
D. 商场的名牌电视机