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[A] By contrast, somewhat more than 25 per cent of the earth’s population can be found in the industrialized societies. They lead modern lives. They are products of the first half of the twentieth century, molded by mechanization and mass education, brought up with lingering memories of their own country’s agricultural past. They are, in effect, the people of the present.[B] The remaining 2 or 3 per cent of the world’s population, however, are no longer people of either the past or the present. For within the main centers of technological and cultural change, in Santa Monica, California and Cambridge, Massachusetts, in New York and London, and Tokyo, are millions of men and women who can already be said to be living the way of life of the future. Trend-makers often without being aware of it, live today as millions will live tomorrow. And while they account for only a few percent of the global population today, they are already from an international nation of the future in our midst. They are the advanced agents of man, the earliest citizens of the worldwide super-industrial society now in the throes of birth.[C] It is, in fact, not too much to say that the pace of life draws a line through humanity, dividing us into camps, triggering hitter misunderstanding between parent and child, between Madison Avenue and Main Street, between men and women, between American and European, between East and West.[D] What makes them different from the rest of mankind Certainly, they are richer, better educated, more mobile than the majority of the human race. They also live longer. But what specifically marks the people of the future is the fact that they are already caught up in a new, stepped-up pace of life. They "live faster" than the people around them.[E] The inhabitants of the earth are divided not only by race, nation, religion or ideology, but also, in a sense, by their position in time. Examining the present population of the globe, we find a tiny group who still live, hunting and food-foraging, as men did millennia ago. Others, the vast majority of mankind, depend not on bear-hunting or berry-picking, but on agriculture. They live, in many respects, as their ancestors did centuries ago. These two groups taken together compose perhaps 70 per cent of all living human beings. They are the people of the past.[F] Some people are deeply attracted to this highly accelerated pace of life—going far out of their way to bring it about and feeling anxious, tense or uncomfortable when the pace slows. They want desperately to be "where the action is.’ James A. Wilson has found, for example, that the attraction for a fast pace of life is one of the hidden motivating forces behind the much-publicized "brain-drain"—the mass migration of European scientists and engineers who migrated to the U. S. and Canada. He concluded that it was no higher salaries or better research facilities alone, but also the quicker tempo that lure them. The migrants, he writes, "are not put off by what they indicated as the faster pace’ of North America; if anything, they appear to prefer this pace to others."[G] The pace of life is frequently commented on by ordinary people. Yet, oddly enough, it has received almost no attention from either psychologists or sociologists. This is a gaping inadequacy in the behavioral sciences, for the pace of life profoundly influences behavior, evoking strong and contrasting reactions from different people.Notes：gaping是gape的现在分词；gape vi.裂开。not too much一点也不多，一点也不过分。Madison Avenue麦迪逊街(纽约一条街道的名字。美国主要广告公司、公共关系事务所集中于此。常用以表示此等公司之作风、做法等。)。Main Street实利主义社会。food-foraging觅食的。millennium千年。trend-maker(＝ trend-setter)领导新潮的人。in the throes of为……而苦干、搏斗。be caught up in陷入。going far out of their way to bring it about远远没有阻碍它的诞生。brain-drain(高科技)人才流动(从欧洲到美洲)。Order: 44
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46) A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend toward "directed" or "programmed" research; i.e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves. Any scientist working for such organizations and investigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand.At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense: the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians. 47) Nevertheless, the scientist, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms, was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined program to which he had to conform.48) As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently. The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques and industrial processes ]ed to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly-complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. 49) Owing to the large sums of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly defined objectives. In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed (programmatic) research.One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations. 50) In consequence, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science—and not only pure science, but applied science as well. 47
Text One summer night, on my way home from work I decided to see a movie. I knew the theatre would be airconditioned and I couldn’t face my (26) apartment. Sitting in the theatre I had to look through the (27) between the two tall heads in front of me. I had to keep changing the (28) every time she leaned over to talk to him, (29) he leaned over to kiss her. Why do Americans display such (30) in a public place I thought the movie would be good for my English, but (31) it turned out, it was an Italian movie. (32) about an hour I decided to give up on the movie and (33) on my popcorn. I’ve never understood why they give you so much popcorn! It tasted pretty good, (34) . Alter a while I heard (35) more of the romantic-sounding Italians. I just heard the (36) of the popcorn crunching between my teeth. My thought started to (37) . I remembered when I was in South Korea, I (38) to watch Kodak on TV frequently. He spoke perfect Korean -- I was really amazed. He seemed like a good friend to me, (39) I saw him again in New York speaking (40) English instead of perfect Korean. He didn’t even have a Korean accent and I (41) like I had been betrayed. When our family moved to the United States six years ago, none of us spoke any English. (42) we had begun to learn a few words, my mother suggested that we all should speak English at home. Everyone. agreed, but our house became very (43) and we all seemed to avoid each’ other. We sat at the dinner table in silence, preferring that to (44) a difficult language. Mother tried to say something in English but it (45) out all wrong and we all burst into laughter and decided to forget it! We’ve been speaking Korean at home ever since.
[A] By contrast, somewhat more than 25 per cent of the earth’s population can be found in the industrialized societies. They lead modern lives. They are products of the first half of the twentieth century, molded by mechanization and mass education, brought up with lingering memories of their own country’s agricultural past. They are, in effect, the people of the present.[B] The remaining 2 or 3 per cent of the world’s population, however, are no longer people of either the past or the present. For within the main centers of technological and cultural change, in Santa Monica, California and Cambridge, Massachusetts, in New York and London, and Tokyo, are millions of men and women who can already be said to be living the way of life of the future. Trend-makers often without being aware of it, live today as millions will live tomorrow. And while they account for only a few percent of the global population today, they are already from an international nation of the future in our midst. They are the advanced agents of man, the earliest citizens of the worldwide super-industrial society now in the throes of birth.[C] It is, in fact, not too much to say that the pace of life draws a line through humanity, dividing us into camps, triggering hitter misunderstanding between parent and child, between Madison Avenue and Main Street, between men and women, between American and European, between East and West.[D] What makes them different from the rest of mankind Certainly, they are richer, better educated, more mobile than the majority of the human race. They also live longer. But what specifically marks the people of the future is the fact that they are already caught up in a new, stepped-up pace of life. They "live faster" than the people around them.[E] The inhabitants of the earth are divided not only by race, nation, religion or ideology, but also, in a sense, by their position in time. Examining the present population of the globe, we find a tiny group who still live, hunting and food-foraging, as men did millennia ago. Others, the vast majority of mankind, depend not on bear-hunting or berry-picking, but on agriculture. They live, in many respects, as their ancestors did centuries ago. These two groups taken together compose perhaps 70 per cent of all living human beings. They are the people of the past.[F] Some people are deeply attracted to this highly accelerated pace of life—going far out of their way to bring it about and feeling anxious, tense or uncomfortable when the pace slows. They want desperately to be "where the action is.’ James A. Wilson has found, for example, that the attraction for a fast pace of life is one of the hidden motivating forces behind the much-publicized "brain-drain"—the mass migration of European scientists and engineers who migrated to the U. S. and Canada. He concluded that it was no higher salaries or better research facilities alone, but also the quicker tempo that lure them. The migrants, he writes, "are not put off by what they indicated as the faster pace’ of North America; if anything, they appear to prefer this pace to others."[G] The pace of life is frequently commented on by ordinary people. Yet, oddly enough, it has received almost no attention from either psychologists or sociologists. This is a gaping inadequacy in the behavioral sciences, for the pace of life profoundly influences behavior, evoking strong and contrasting reactions from different people.Notes：gaping是gape的现在分词；gape vi.裂开。not too much一点也不多，一点也不过分。Madison Avenue麦迪逊街(纽约一条街道的名字。美国主要广告公司、公共关系事务所集中于此。常用以表示此等公司之作风、做法等。)。Main Street实利主义社会。food-foraging觅食的。millennium千年。trend-maker(＝ trend-setter)领导新潮的人。in the throes of为……而苦干、搏斗。be caught up in陷入。going far out of their way to bring it about远远没有阻碍它的诞生。brain-drain(高科技)人才流动(从欧洲到美洲)。Order: 45
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