To use it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun! Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high office. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Age, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France, and later on in England. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter. It wasn’t until the twentieth century that women’s umbrellas began to be made, in a whole variety of colors. This passage talks mainly about ______.
A. when and how the umbrella was invented
B. why the umbrella was so popular in Europe
C. the development of the umbrella
D. the history and use of the umbrella
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Have you eaten too much over the holidays You should try fidgeting for a while. Those around you might not like it, but scratching (moving your nails (指甲) against a part of your body) and twitching (moving suddenly and quickly when you don’ t want to) is an important way of burning up calories (卡路里). American researchers have found that some people’s squirming ( continuously turn your body when nervous) and wigging (move in small movements, especially from side to side) equals (等于) several miles of slow running each day. The scientists, based at the National Institute of Heahh’s laboratory in Phenix, Arizona, are studying why some people get fat and other stay slim. In one study 177 people each spent 24 hours in a room in the institute where the amount (量) of energy is measured by their oxygen and carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) levels. By the end of the day, some people had burned up 800 calories in toe-tapping, (moving the front part of your foot up and down) finger-drumming (hitting your fingers continuously and lightly against something hard) and other nervous habits. However, others had burned up only 100 calories. The researchers found that slim women fidget more than fat women, but there was no significant difference in men. Heavy people burn up more energy when they fidget than thin people do. Scientists think a fidget habit to be ______.
A. a way to lose fat
B. a nervous habit annoying (使讨厌) the people around
C. a better exercise than slow running
D. a habit of thin people
Technology is the application (应用) of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher standard of living. For most of us in America, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and television sets. However, technology has also increased the amount of food available (可供食用的) to us, by means of modern farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span via (通过) medical technology. Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life In large measure the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it wisely. If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer is definitely yes. The advancement of technology depends upon research and development, and the latest statistics (统计) show that the united States is continuing to pump billions of dollars annually (每年) into such efforts. So while we are running out of some scarce resources (稀缺资源) we may well find technological substitutes (代用品) for many of them through our research programs. Therefore, in the final analysis the three major factors of production (land, labor and capital) are all influenced by technology. When we need new skills on techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. As equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be invented. Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living. How does "technology" increase the amount of food available to us
A. By means of modem farming machinery and animal breeding techniques.
By means of modem computer science.
C. By means of producing more food.
D. By means of more new furniture.
Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answers to the questions. At sixteen Ron Mackie might have stayed at school, but the future called to him excitedly. "Get out of the classroom into a job," it said, and Ron obeyed. His father, supporting the decision, found a place for him in a supermarket. "You’re lucky, Ron," he said. "For every boy with a job these days, there’s a dozen without." So Ron joined the working world at twenty pounds a week. For a year he spent his days filling shelves with tins of food. By the end of that time he was looking back on his school-days as a time of great variety (多样性) and satisfaction. He searched for an interest in his work, with little success. One fine day instead of going to work Ron got a lift on a lorry going south. With nine pounds in his pocket, a full heart and a great longing for the sea, he set out to make a better way for himself. That evening, in Bournemouth, he had a sandwich and a drink in a café run by an elderly man and his wife. Before he had finished the sandwich, the woman had taken him on for the rest of the summer, at twenty pounds a week, a room upstairs and three meals a day. The ease and speed of it rather took Ron’s breath away. At quiet times Ron had to check the old man’s arithmetic in the records of the business. At the end of the season, he stayed on the coast. He was again surprised how straightforward it was for a boy of seventeen to make a living. He worked in shops mostly, but once he took a job in a hotel for three weeks. Late in October, he was taken on by the sick manager of a shoe shop. Ron soon found himself in charge there; He was the only one who could keep the books. Why did Ron leave the supermarket
A. He knew he would find work in Bournemouth.
B. He took a job as a lorry driver.
C. He gave up the job because he felt unwell.
D. He wanted to work at the seaside.