How exactly, does science work How do scientists go about doing science Ordinarily we think science proceeds in a straight-forward way. Ideally scientists make observations, formulate hypotheses (假设), and test those hypotheses by making further observations. When there is difference between what is observed and what is predicted by the hypothesis, the hypothesis is revised. Science proceeds in this way, which is a gradual method of finding the best fit between observation and prediction. But this idealized version of how one does science is naive. Although science demands proof that observations made by one observer be observable by other observers using the same methods, it is by no means clear that, even when confronted with identical phenomena, different observers will report identical observations. And it is most certain that, even if the same observations are made, the conclusions as to the meaning of the observations frequently differ. The fact is that all of us, scientists included, see differently. Variations in human perception are well known and have been studied extensively. Alterations in perception are frequently seen among observers, even though they may be in identical settings viewing identical phenomena. A documented misconception from history can be found in the experience of Darwin. His ship, Beagle, after anchoring off the Patagonian coast, sent off a landing party in small rowboats. Amazingly, the Patagonian natives watching from shore were blind to the Beagle, but could easily see the tiny rowboats! They had no prior experience of huge sailing ships, but small rowing vessels were an everyday part of their life. Rowboats fit their model of the world and huge ships did not. Their model determined their perceptions. Our idea that science proceeds on an utterly objective and straightforward basis ignores the distortions (歪曲) of reality imposed by our own perceptual apparatus. In many cases we see what we have been trained to see, what we are used to seeing. If a subject is fitted with special glasses that are designed to invert (颠倒) the visual field, at first the subject sees everything upside down. After a period of time, as the glasses continue to be worn, a correction is made by our perceptual mechanism and the image is flipped, so that the world once again appears erect. Which of the following can NOT be concluded from paragraph 2 and 3
A. When people face the same phenomena, they will have the same observations.
B. Variations in observation and conclusion are related to human perception.
C. People using the same methods of observation can still make different observations.
D. People often reach different conclusions even when they make the same observations.
下面关于保险代理从业人员执业行为的叙述,错误的一项是______。
A. 不得向客户给予或承诺给予保险合同规定以外的经济利益
B. 不得擅自改变经保险监督管理部门批准或备案的保险条款和费率
C. 不得诋毁、贬低或负面评价保险中介机构和保险公司及其从业人员
D. 为了达成销售保单的目的,可以建议客户提前终止其他保单
The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal. Nothing can exceed the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you! it may be an idea or a bit of information you come across accidentally—or a sudden insight, fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal encounters are the "payoff" in education. A teacher may direct you to learning and even encourage you in it—but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. That’s up to you. A research paper, assigned in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a process where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times. Preparing the research paper is an active and individual process, and ideal learning process. It provides a structure within which you can make exciting discoveries of knowledge and of self, which are basic to education. But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can do. Writing a research paper is more than just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in searching out, understanding and composing, which forms the basis of many skills applicable to both academic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovering, an education. So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly satisfying experience! To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is disconcerting. To others, the very idea of having to work independently is threatening. But these is no need to approach the research paper assignment with anxiety, and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to overcome. Instead, consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you. It can be inferred from the passage that writing a research paper gives one chances ______.
A. to fully develop one’s personal abilities
B. to use the skills learnt in the classroom
C. to prove that one is produce writer
D. to demonstrate how well one can accomplish school assignment
保险代理机构注册资本或者出资达到人民币______,设立分支机构不需要增加注册资本或者出资。
A. 200万元
B. 300万元
C. 400万元
D. 500万元