某女性,36岁,两天前无明显诱因出现尿频、尿急、尿痛,伴腰痛。查体:T 38℃,肾区叩击痛;血分析见WBC 15×109/L,中性粒细胞百分比85%;尿分析见尿液浑浊,尿蛋白阳性,镜检白细胞满视野。 该患者最可能的诊断为
A. 急性膀胱炎
B. 急性肾小球肾炎
C. 慢性肾盂肾炎
D. 急性肾盂肾炎
E. 肾病综合征
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患者,女,44岁,半年前诊断为支气管哮喘,间断口服沙丁胺醇4mg tid治疗,没有规律用药治疗。近日,因秋冬季节交替,出现明显喘憋、话不成句,被紧急送往医院。 该患者支气管哮喘的长期维持治疗宜选用
A. 沙丁胺醇片
B. 福莫特罗吸入剂
C. 沙丁胺醇气雾剂
D. 茶碱片
E. 沙美特罗氟替卡松粉吸入剂
某患者,女,14岁,尿频、尿急、尿痛3天,伴腰痛。肾区叩击痛,血分析见白细胞及中性粒细胞百分比升高,尿分析见尿液浑浊,尿白细胞+++,临床诊断为急性肾盂肾炎。 该患者首选的治疗药物为
A. 头孢噻肟
B. 左氧氟沙星
C. 林可霉素
D. 阿奇霉素
E. 甲硝唑
In ancient (古老的) times the most important examinations were spoken instead of written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually includes saying poetry aloud or giving speeches. In the European universities of the Middle Ages, those students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process (过程) of testing candidates (考生) for the doctor’s degree. Generally, however, modem examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modem industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles (类似) a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines. One type of test is sometimes called an "objective" (客观的) test. It is designed to do with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of (一系列的) questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly. In ancient times students ______.
A. almost never wrote exams
B. specialized in one subject
C. were timed by electric clocks
D. took objective tests
某患者,女,45岁,身高160cm,体重75kg,临床诊断为2型糖尿病。实验室检查:空腹血糖8.7mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖13.1mmol/L,糖化血红蛋白7.1%。经饮食控制、规律锻炼,血糖控制仍未达到理想水平。 该患者经治疗2周后,空腹血糖恢复正常,餐后血糖仍未达标,最适宜加用的降血糖药物是
A. 格列喹酮
B. 吡格列酮
C. 瑞格列奈
D. 胰岛素
E. 伏格列波糖