4. In a directed graph, the sum of the in degrees of all vertices is equal to () times the sum of the out degrees of all vertices.
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5. For an undirected graph represented by an adjacency list with n vertices and e edges, the storage space occupied is ().
A. n+2e
B. e
C. 2e
D. n+e
6. If a graph with n vertices forms a ring, it has () spanning trees.
A. n
B. n-1
C. n+1
D. Unclear
7. The minimum spanning tree of any undirected connected network ().
A. have one or more
B. only one
C. more
D. may not exist
8. To determine whether there is a loop in a digraph, you can use ().
A. Depth-first traversal algorithm
B. The critical path method
C. Dijkstra
D. Breadth-first traversal algorithm