In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 70 minutes. Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable. Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior. Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated. The most powerful protection against deviance is______.
A. negative sanctions
B. severe punishments
C. the individual’s conscience
D. unrestrained suppression
男性,28岁,每日吸烟2包十余年,3个月前发现舌右侧缘中份发白,并有不适,进食时尤为明显,体检见一处白色斑块,形状不规则,大小约2cm×1cm,颜色均一,呈小颗粒状突起于黏膜表面,触之仍较柔软,口腔内其余黏膜未见明显异常 做出临床诊断以后,还需要首先进行哪一项辅助检查
A. 直接涂片检查
B. 念珠菌培养
C. 免疫荧光检查
D. 血常规检查
E. 组织活检
When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit, with the alpha rhythm predominating for the first few minutes. This is the first stage of sleep. For the next 30 minutes or so, you will drift down through Stage 2 and Stage 3. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. About 40-60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will reach the last stage. Your brain waves will show the delta rhythm. You may think that you stay at this deep stage all the rest of the night, but that turns out not to be the case. About 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your activity cycle will increase slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids. This period of Rapid Eye Movements lasts for 8-15 minutes and is called REM sleep. During both light and deep sleep, the muscles in your body are relaxed but capable of movement. As you slip into REM sleep, a very odd thing occurs -- most of the voluntary muscles in your body become paralyzed. Although your brain shows very rapid bursts of neural activity during REM sleep, your body is incapable of moving. REM sleep is accompanied by extensive muscular inhibition. When a person falls into the state of sleep, his______.
A. eyeballs will roll about a bit
B. mind will relax more and more
C. breathing will slow for minutes
D. temperature will increase slightly
案情:村民陈某在耕田时拣到一匹马,并牵回家饲养,同时等待马的主人来认领。事隔一年,仍未有人来认马,陈某也要搬到县城里居住,经人介绍,陈某将马在县交易所以市场价格卖给了邻村的赵某,但卖马时陈某并未说明马是他人的。几天后,马的主人郭某来找陈某认领马。 问题: 如果陈某卖马时向赵某说明马是拣到的,但赵某仍支付相当价款,郭某能否向赵某要求取回马为什么