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第三篇Trying to Find a Parther One of the most striking findings of a recent poll in the UK is that of the people inbterviewed,one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with. Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationshipsDoes modern life really make it harder to fall in loveOr are we making it harder for ourselves It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships.Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status.A man doesn’t expect his spouse to be in sole charge of running his household and raising his children. But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence. In theory,finding a partner should be much simpler these days.Only a few generations ago,your choice of soulmate (心上人) was constrained(限制) by geography,social convention and family tradition.Although it was never explicit,many marriages were essentially arranged. Now those barriers have been broken down.You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening.When the world is your oyster (牡蛎),you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl. But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint:the tyranny of choice. The expectations of partners are inflated(提高) to an unmanageable degree:good looks,impressive salary,kind to grandmother,and right socks.There is no room for error in the first impression. We think that a relationship can be perfect.If it isn’t,it is disposable.We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don’t put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship.Of course,this is complicated by realities.The cost of housing and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership. Which of the following was NOT a constraint on one’s choice of soulmate in the old days （）
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第二篇Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer Dogs are known for their sense of smell.They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs.Now a study suggests that the animal known as man’s best friend can even find bladder(膀胱)cancer. Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors(气味).Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine(尿).The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans. The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the let of its owner.The mole(痣)was later found to be skin cancer. Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment.The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patients,from people with other diseases and from healthy people. Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it. Two cocker spaniels(短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬)were correct fifty-six percent of the time.But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent. As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifyt-four times.That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone. The British Medical Journal published the research.In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part. During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study.Doctors found a growth on the person’s right kidney(肾). Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year.Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. The person who had tested healthy before the study （）
（22分）瓷器是人类文明的见证。阅读材料，回答问题。材料一 景德镇位于昌江畔，附近盛产造瓷的主要原料高岭土。北宋景德年间，其生产的影青瓷成为贡品，景德镇因此得名。两宋之际和元末的大规模战乱，使定窑、龙泉窑等陆续衰落，相对安定的景德镇，遂成“天下窑器所聚”的瓷都。 元代景德镇制坯、烧瓷等分工不断细化，这时创新的青花瓷、釉里红和卵白釉，至今仍享有崇高声誉。明朝在景德镇创新御器厂，其组织和分工相当细密，“共计一坯工力，过手七十二，方克成器”。宣德、成化年间制造的御窑瓷器堪称经典。嘉庆至万历年间，商品经济大发展，加之西欧等海外市场的扩大，“景瓷”销量大增。清初对御窑厂进行了诸多改革，如匠役制改为雇募制，使康乾时代景德镇瓷业再度鼎盛。嘉庆后，因“磨守旧法，且有粗创滥造之弊”，景德镇瓷业渐趋衰落。（据叶喆民《中国陶瓷史纲要》等）材料二 1708年，萨克森一炼金师在欧洲率先研制出瓷器。1710年，萨克森王国宣布掌握制瓷专利，并成立梅森皇家瓷器厂。1722年，两把交错的蓝剑成为梅森瓷器的商标且沿用至今。经过不断研发与创新，梅森瓷器逐渐摆脱了中国的影子，被誉为“白色金子”和欧洲第一名瓷。后来受工业化冲击，全手工作业的梅森遇到极大挑战。1864年新厂建成，为保护手工技艺，他们将原厂改为博物馆，专门保存模具，300年的石膏模具至今无一缺失，随时能重新制出原汁原味的梅森瓷器。 梅森瓷器经久不衰，根源在于对质量一丝不苟的奉守，也离不开一万多种绚丽的色彩和精细的浮雕。全球瓷厂中，梅森最早建立了自己的绘画艺术学校，工艺师要完成近4年的技术与艺术教育和10年的经验积累才能上岗。梅森，300年来一直贵为欧洲瓷都，是与严谨的梅森人在坚守传统的同时不断创新分不开的。（据蒲缇《梅森：300年的白金盛宴》等） 据材料一概括景德镇发展成为“瓷都”的主要因素。（8分）
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