Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. People with disabilities comprise a large but diverse segment of the population. It is 1 that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. Approximately half of these disabilities are "developmental," i. e., they occur 2 the individual’s twenty-second birthday, often from 3 conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication and employment. Most other disabilities are considered 4 , i. e., caused by outside forces. Before the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for such conditions as stroke or spinal cord 5 was unavailable. People whose disabilities should not have inherently affected their life span were often so mistreated that they 6 . Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can 7 have such basic needs as food, shelter and medical treatment met. Unfortunately, these basics are often all that is available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability. In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to combat these 8 of civil rights. Disabled people formed grassroots coalitions to advocate their rights to integration and meaningful equality of opportunity. Congress 9 by passing major legislation, recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class. In the mid-1970s, critical legislation mandated (规定) access to education, public transportation, and public facilities, and prohibited employment 10 by federal agencies or employers receiving federal funds.