题目内容
Silas Minton’s funeral was a quiet (36) . It was (37) by the only (38) he had in the world, his niece and nephew, and by a few friends. The priest who (39) (40) a hundred miles into this wild part of the county was now getting (41) for the simple ceremony. Minton, (42) "Minty" as his friends (43) call him, (44) a hard life (45) for gold in a lonely part of Western Australia. He had always refused to work in a gold mine (46) he believed that he could do better (47) his own. Although he was not a boastful(夸口的)person, he had often declared that one day he (48) find a lump (块) of gold as big as his head and (49) he would retire and live in (50) for the rest of his life. But his dreams of great wealth (51) came true. For many years he had hardly earned enough money to keep himself (52) .Two men now gently lifted the rough wooden box that (53) Minty’s body, but they almost dropped it when they heard a loud cry from the grave-digger. His spade (铁锹)had struck something hard in the rocky soil and he was shouting excitedly. Then he held up a large stone. (54) it was covered (55) dirt, the stone shone curiously in the fierce sunlight: it was unmistakably a heavy piece of solid gold! 45().
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阅读下文，完成以下问题。美国华盛顿大学研究人员在《科学》杂志上发表报告说，尽管人类活动对于气温的全国上升确实起了作用，但是这种气候变化绝大部分要归咎于自然原因。他们对北半球近一个世纪以来的温度变化所作详细研究的结果表明，联合国和其他国际组织近来在一些报告中对全球气候变暖原因的解释是靠不住的。报告的主要作者，担任华盛顿大学、国家海洋和大气管理局大气和海洋联合研究所所长的约翰·华莱士说：“我们所作的研究已经清楚地表明全球气候的不断变化，是怎样引起气候的短期变动的。反过来，这种变动又有助于我们更好地了解大气层的温室效应(大部分是由于燃烧矿物燃料产生的二氧化碳引起的)可能引起的气候变暖的程度。”他告诫道，不能因为这个结果而放松对人类破坏环境行为的注意。这些气象学家说，从1975年至1990年间，北半球冬季气温(特别是美国的阿拉斯加、加拿大北部和俄罗斯等地)上升了0.3℃。他们认为这一气温上升有1/3是由大气环流的自然变动引起的。他们还认为，北半球地区从1900年至1990年近一个世纪以来的月温差约有一半也是由这种变动引起的。华莱士说：“尽管人类活动与气温的全面上升可能也有关系，但是我们认为，这种气候变化绝大部分应归因于自然变动，与温室效应引起的气候变暖无关。由于地表吸收热量的能力(热容量)比海洋低得多，地表冬季和夏季的温差非常大。 因此， 当大气环流带动暖气团吹过北半球各大陆以及冷气团吹过海洋上空时，北半球的平均气温往往比较暖和。”他说，尽管科学家们尚不完全了解引起大气环流型式变化的真正原因，但他确信这与自然变化有关。 华莱士认为“北半球的平均气温往往比较暖和”的原因主要是（）。
阅读下文，完成以下问题。我初到英国读书时，一位很爱护我的教师——辛博森先生——写了一封很恳切的长信，给我讲为人治学的道理，其中有一句话说：“大学教育在于使人有正确的价值意识，知道权衡轻重。”事隔二十余年，我还很清楚地记得这句看来颇似寻常的话。在当时，我看到了有几分诧异，心时想：大学教育的功用就不过如此么这二三十年的人生经验才逐渐使我明白这句话的分量。我有时虚心检点过去，发现了我每次的过错或失败都恰是当人生歧路，没有能权衡轻重，以至去取失当。比如说，我花去许多功夫读了一些于今看来是值不得读书的书，做了一些于今看来是值不得做的文章，尝试了一些于今看来是值不得尝试的事，这样就把正经事业耽误了。好比行军，没有侦出要塞，或是侦出要塞而不尽力去击破，只在无战争重要性的角落徘徊摸素，到精力消耗完了还没碰着敌人，这岂不是愚蠢？我自己对于这种愚蠢有切身之痛，每衡量当世人物，也喜欢审察他们有没有犯同样的毛病。有许多在学问、思想方面极为我所敬佩的人，希望本来很大，他们如果死心塌地做他们的学问，成就必有可观。但是因为他们在社会上名望很高，每个学校都要请他们演讲，每个机关都要请他们担任职务，每个刊物都要请他们作文章，这样一来，他们不能集中力量去做一件事，用非其长，长处不能发展，不久也就荒废了。名位是中国学者的大患。没有名位去挣扎求名位，旁驰博骛，用心不专，是一种浪费；既得名位而社会视为万能，事事都来打搅，惹得人心花意乱，是一种更大的浪费。 “古之学者为己，今之学者为人。”在“为人”、“为已”的冲突中，“为人”是很大的诱惑。学者遇到这种诱惑，必须知所轻重，毅然有所取舍，否则随波逐流，不旋踵就有没落之祸。认定方向，立定脚跟，都需要很深厚的修养。“正其谊不谋其利，明其道不计其功”，是儒家在人生理想上所表现的价值意识。“学也禄在其中”，既学而获禄，原亦未尝不可；为干禄而求学，或得禄而忘学，便是颠倒本末。我国历来学子正坐此弊。记得从前有一个学生刚在中学毕业，他的父亲就要他做事谋生，有友人劝阻他说：“这等于吃稻种。”这句聪明话可表现一般家长视教育子弟为投资的心理。近来一般社会重视功利，青年学子便以功利自期，入学校只图混资格作敲门砖，对学问没有浓厚的兴趣，至于立身处世的道理更视为迂阔而远•于事情。这是价值意识的混乱。教育的根基不坚实，影响到整个社会风气以至于整个文化。轻重倒置，急其所应缓，缓其所应急，这种毛病在每个人的生活上，在政治上，在整个文化动向上都可以看见。近来我看了英国人贝尔的《文化论》(Clive Bell：Civilization)，其中有一章专论价值意识为文化要素，颇引起我的一些感触。贝尔专从文化观点立论，我联想到“价值意识”在人生许多方面的意义。这问题值得仔细一谈。 作者认为，作为一名学者，什么是树立正确的价值意识的根本？（）
Silas Minton’s funeral was a quiet (36) . It was (37) by the only (38) he had in the world, his niece and nephew, and by a few friends. The priest who (39) (40) a hundred miles into this wild part of the county was now getting (41) for the simple ceremony. Minton, (42) "Minty" as his friends (43) call him, (44) a hard life (45) for gold in a lonely part of Western Australia. He had always refused to work in a gold mine (46) he believed that he could do better (47) his own. Although he was not a boastful(夸口的)person, he had often declared that one day he (48) find a lump (块) of gold as big as his head and (49) he would retire and live in (50) for the rest of his life. But his dreams of great wealth (51) came true. For many years he had hardly earned enough money to keep himself (52) .Two men now gently lifted the rough wooden box that (53) Minty’s body, but they almost dropped it when they heard a loud cry from the grave-digger. His spade (铁锹)had struck something hard in the rocky soil and he was shouting excitedly. Then he held up a large stone. (54) it was covered (55) dirt, the stone shone curiously in the fierce sunlight: it was unmistakably a heavy piece of solid gold! 47().
Silas Minton’s funeral was a quiet (36) . It was (37) by the only (38) he had in the world, his niece and nephew, and by a few friends. The priest who (39) (40) a hundred miles into this wild part of the county was now getting (41) for the simple ceremony. Minton, (42) "Minty" as his friends (43) call him, (44) a hard life (45) for gold in a lonely part of Western Australia. He had always refused to work in a gold mine (46) he believed that he could do better (47) his own. Although he was not a boastful(夸口的)person, he had often declared that one day he (48) find a lump (块) of gold as big as his head and (49) he would retire and live in (50) for the rest of his life. But his dreams of great wealth (51) came true. For many years he had hardly earned enough money to keep himself (52) .Two men now gently lifted the rough wooden box that (53) Minty’s body, but they almost dropped it when they heard a loud cry from the grave-digger. His spade (铁锹)had struck something hard in the rocky soil and he was shouting excitedly. Then he held up a large stone. (54) it was covered (55) dirt, the stone shone curiously in the fierce sunlight: it was unmistakably a heavy piece of solid gold! 46().
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