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Passage Three "Hi there. How’s it going" "Oh, fine. Fine. How about this weather, huh" "Well, I guess we can always use the rain." What’s that This story Oh, just a little look at small talk. You know, those seemingly meaningless conversations you have dozens of times a day, Maybe you’re waiting for the elevator. Or in a line at the bank. It all seems pretty trivial. Idle chatter about traffic doesn’t do much more than fill the air with empty words that are quickly forgotten. But you should know that small talk actually has a big place in our lives. Pat Oliver, assistant professor on arts, says that, "Left unchecked, small talk can be an invasion. It’s so powerful. It does something to you." "Every morning after spending an hour and a half on the freeway I start the day with small talk with my secretary," Oliver says, "IfI don’t make small connection with another person, I can’t work." What causes it As a rule, you’re either trying to force something into your life, or you’re using conversation as an invisible force field to keep them out. You can be wanting to connect with another person, and small talk is your introduction to more meaningful conversation. The way people use small talk is usually determined by where they happen to be at the time. Take the elevator, for instance. Now there’s prime territoo,. Nobody knows anyone and there’s no reason to start a conversation, but invariably, someone does. Making conversation in such peaceful social settings, according to Oliver, "can confirm your territory. It’s a way of feeling liked and accepted." The topics of small talk don’t matter. In fact, you don’t want anything more taxing than the weather or the traffic. It’s non-threatening talk in a threatening situation. However, the rules change quickly when you’re with lots of people doing lots of talking. Let’s say you’re at a party. Now it’s time to use small talk as a way of making others feel more comfortable around you, so you don’t look silly standing by the food table alone all night. Why is small talk described as "non-threatening talk in a threatening situation"
Passage Three "Hi there. How’s it going" "Oh, fine. Fine. How about this weather, huh" "Well, I guess we can always use the rain." What’s that This story Oh, just a little look at small talk. You know, those seemingly meaningless conversations you have dozens of times a day, Maybe you’re waiting for the elevator. Or in a line at the bank. It all seems pretty trivial. Idle chatter about traffic doesn’t do much more than fill the air with empty words that are quickly forgotten. But you should know that small talk actually has a big place in our lives. Pat Oliver, assistant professor on arts, says that, "Left unchecked, small talk can be an invasion. It’s so powerful. It does something to you." "Every morning after spending an hour and a half on the freeway I start the day with small talk with my secretary," Oliver says, "IfI don’t make small connection with another person, I can’t work." What causes it As a rule, you’re either trying to force something into your life, or you’re using conversation as an invisible force field to keep them out. You can be wanting to connect with another person, and small talk is your introduction to more meaningful conversation. The way people use small talk is usually determined by where they happen to be at the time. Take the elevator, for instance. Now there’s prime territoo,. Nobody knows anyone and there’s no reason to start a conversation, but invariably, someone does. Making conversation in such peaceful social settings, according to Oliver, "can confirm your territory. It’s a way of feeling liked and accepted." The topics of small talk don’t matter. In fact, you don’t want anything more taxing than the weather or the traffic. It’s non-threatening talk in a threatening situation. However, the rules change quickly when you’re with lots of people doing lots of talking. Let’s say you’re at a party. Now it’s time to use small talk as a way of making others feel more comfortable around you, so you don’t look silly standing by the food table alone all night. According to the author, at a big party, small talk is used with the purpose of______
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Passage Four One of America’s greatest exports to the rest of the world has been entertainment. America, a nation of incredible energy and talent, has flooded the world markets with her films, theaters and songs. In America the two centers where this talent is most brilliantly and successfully essayed are Hollywood and Broadway. Hollywood is a district within the city of Los Angeles. Its name is synonymous with the motion-picture industry. Since the early 1900s, when movie makers found southern California an ideal blend of mild climate and varied geography, it has become the home for cinematic dreams. All the great names of cinema have passed through Hollywood on the road to international careers. Today it still remains the place where dreams are said to come true and fantasies are carefully nurtured. Known as "The Movie Capital of the World", Hollywood is one of the few places where epic films can still be made on such a large scale. Ancient Rome, the Pharaoh’s Egypt or a science fiction film staged somewhere in the Galaxy are all within the imagination of the filmmakers and the industry they control. It is a place where unknowns are discovered and even actors from abroad have come to Hollywood to further establish their fame and recognition. With the coming of television Hollywood began to alter its function. By the early 1960s it had become the source of the majority of U.S. network television entertainment. But, its place as the center of the movie industry in America has remained undiminished and unchallenged. On the east coast of America, however, in New York it is live theater which provides the source of culture and entertainment. Here it is the dramatic stage which dominates the cultural scene. The main avenue which runs through the city is known as Broadway. ①It traverses the length of Manhattan and near the middle clustered the many theaters that have long made it the foremost showcase of commercial stage entertainment in the United States. The term Broadway was at one time virtually synonymous with American theater activity. In the 1980s the street became known as "The Great White Way" because of its brilliant display of lights in the evening. ② As the power and prosperity of New York City grew in the world, so did the number, size and magnificence of the Broadway theaters. Broadway soared into its peak in the mid 1920s. At this time there were over eighty theaters on Broadway but in recent years the number has declined. Yet, it still remain vibrantly active and under constant renewal. Which of the following is TRUE about Hollywood
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