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1.3 Individuals with a genetic disorder Tay-Sachs disease have a mutant HEXA gene. This gene codes for an enzyme (HEXA) that metabolizes a specific type of lipid called a ganglioside glycolipid. When HEXA is mutant, this glycolipid cannot be degraded and accumulates in the bloodstream, causing irreparable brain damage. Which of the following cellular organelles is most directly involved in the disease process?

A. lysosome
B. smooth ER
C. ribosome
D. rough ER

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1.3 Specialized cells in the pancreas known as beta cells produce the hormone insulin, a short-chain protein composed of 51 amino acids. The insulin produced is then secreted by the beta cells into the bloodstream upon consumption of a meal in order to regulate blood glucose levels. Which group of organelles is involved with this process?

A. rough ER, smooth ER, golgi body
B. lysosome, rough ER, golgi body
C. golgi body, rough ER, cell membrane
D. nucleus, lysosome, rough ER

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1.2 Which of the following statements describes the relationship between nucleic acids, amino acids, and proteins?

A. Nucleic acids provide the code to produce amino acids that form proteins.
B. Proteins are formed from specific amino acids that are encoded by nucleic acids found in a particular sequence.
C. Amino acids can be used in place of nucleic acids to make proteins.
D. Proteins are made from nucleic acids that are coded for by amino acids.

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1.2The shape and function of proteins is due to the sequence of amino acids that comprise each protein. Each amino acid has unique chemical properties that cause it to interact with other amino acids in the protein sequence in a certain way, and these interactions drive the protein to fold into certain shapes. Some amino acids are hydrophobic, and some are hydrophilic. If a protein is compised of mostly hydrophobic amino acids, how might you predict this protein would behave in an aqueous environment?

A. The hydrophobic components of the protein would be unaffected by the aqueous environment.
B. The hydrophobic components of the protein would fold toward the hydrophilic components of the protein.
C. The huydrophobic components of the protein would fold away from the aqueous environment.
D. The hydrophobic components of the protein would fold out toward the aqueous environment.

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During active transport, what kind of protein binds to a substance to help move the substance across the plasma membrane?

A. carrier
B. channel
C. intracellular
D. receptor

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A. lysosome B. smooth ER C. ribosome D. rough ER

1.2 Which of the following statements describes the relationship between nucleic acids, amino acids, and proteins?

During active transport, what kind of protein binds to a substance to help move the substance across the plasma membrane?

A. lysosome
B. smooth ER
C. ribosome
D. rough ER