There is a “trade off” relationship between soil water and soil air.
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The nutrient will release during the SOM humification process.
For different systems, the sources of SOM are different.
______ refer to the newly-produced and accumulated materials during soil formation, such as iron discs, iron, manganese and lime concretions, coating and saline spots. The new formations are very important characteristics to judge the nature, composition, and genesis of the soil.
The five natural factors of soil formation are: parent material, organism, ______ , relief and time.