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43. The reserve currencies include the U.S. dollar, Europe' s euro, Japanese yen, British pound and Russia' s rouble.
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Passage 2 Environmental destruction may make pandemics(流行的) more likely and less manageable（易控的), new research suggests. The study, by the University of the West of England, presents the assumption that disease risks are "ultimately interlinked" with biodiversity and natural processes such as the water cycle. Using a framework designed to analyze and communicate complex relationships between society and the environment, the study concludes that maintaining intact and fully functioning ecosystems and their associated environmental and health benefits is key to preventing the emergence of new pandemics. Lead author Dr Mark Everard, of the University of the West of England, said: "Ecosystems naturally restrain the transfer of diseases from animals to humans, but this service declines as ecosystems become degraded. At the same time, ecosystem degradation undermines water security, limiting availability of adequate water for good hand hygiene, sanitation and disease treatment. Disease risk cannot be dissociated from ecosystem conservation and natural resource security.” Dr David Santillo added: “The speed and scale with which radical actions have been taken in so many countries to limit the health and financial risks from COVID-19 demonstrate that radical systemic change would also be possible in order to deal with other global existential threats, such as the climate emergency and collapse of biodiversity, provided the political will is there to do so.” The researchers say the lesson from the COVID-19 pandemic is that societies globally need to "build back better," including protecting and restoring damaged ecosystems (in line with the goals of the 2021-2030 UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration), keeping the many values of nature and human rights at the very forefront of environmental and economic policy-making.36. According to the study mentioned in the first paragraph, it is assumed that disease risks are irrelevant to biodiversity and natural processes.
Section BReading-True or False (2 points each, 40 points in all)Directions: You will read 4 passages. After reading each passage, there are some statements for you to decide if they are True or False according to the passage. You should choose True or False to submit your answer.Passage 1 As you know, it is a completely different experience being around positive people versus negative ones. Positive people view failure as an opportunity to learn and get better. They understand that failure is an event, and doesn’t define who they are. Negative people are emotionally disabled by failure because they allow it to define who they are. They fail to understand that it’s part of the learning and growing process. Positive people love to be challenged. They understand that there is no growth without struggle. Positive people embrace difficulties, and look for ways to overcome them. Negative people love the easy road. Because obstacles increase the possibility of failure, they try to avoid them like the plague（瘟疫）. To negative people, hard times don’t make them; they break them. Positive people focus on giving their best efforts, regardless of the situation. They understand that there are many things that they cannot control, but effort is not one of them. Negative people want things to come easy to them. If they have to try hard, they believe that they just aren’t good at it and give up. Positive people are inspired by the success of others, they usually ask themselves the question, “What can I learn from them?” Negative people become jealous and threatened by the success of others. To negative people, when others succeed it means they are failing.31. Positive people believe that failure is a chance to improve themselves.
20. They have to study something that boosts their prospects of _____ a job.
19. A large number of people_____ relatively fewer opportunities can create strong competitive pressure.
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