A 54-year-old man experienced onset of severe substernal chest pain over a period of 3 hours. An ECG showed changes consistent with an acute myocardial infarction. After thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), his serum creatine kinase () level increased. Which of the following events most likely occurred following t-PA therapy. _ _
A. Reperfusion injury
B. Cellular regeneration
Chemical injury
D. Increased synthesis of CK
E. Myofiber atrophy
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A 33-year-old woman has had increasing lethargy and decreased urine output for the past week. Laboratory studies show serum creatinine level of 4.3mg/dL and urea nitrogen level of 40mg/dL. A renal biopsy is performed, and the specimen is examined using electron microscopy. Which of the following morphologic changes most likely suggests a diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis. _ _
A. Mitochondrial swelling
B. Plasma membrane blebs
Chromatin clumping
D. Nuclear fragmentation
E. Ribosomal disaggregation
A 40-year-old man had undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung. Despite chemotherapy, the man died of widespread metastases. At autopsy, tumors were found in many organs. Histologic examination showed many foci in which individual tumor cells appeared shrunken and deeply eosinophilic. Their nuclei exhibited condensed aggregates of chromatin under the nuclear membrane. The process affecting these shrunken tumor cells was most likely triggered by the release of which of the following substances into the cytosol. _ _
A. Lipofuscin
B. Cytochrome c
Catalase
D. Phospholipase
E. BCL-2
A 70-year-old man died suddenly and unexpectedly. At autopsy, multiple tissue sites were sampled for microscopic analysis. Examination of the tissues showed noncrystalline amorphous deposits of calcium salts in gastric mucosa, renal interstitium, and alveolar walls of lungs. Which of the following conditions is most likely to explain these findings. _ _
A. Chronic hepatitis
B. Chronic glomerulonephritis
C. Disseminated tuberculosis
D. Generalized atherosclerosis
E. Normal aging process
A 63-year-old man has a 2-year history of worsening congestive heart failure. An echocardiogram shows mitral stenosis with left atrial dilation. A thrombus is present in the left atrium. One month later, he experiences left flank pain and notes hematuria. Laboratory testing shows elevated serum AST. Which of the following patterns of tissue injury is most likely to be present. _ _
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
E. Gangrenous necrosis