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Cost as a Factor in SupplyIn a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his product and the products (19) his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or below the market price. However, in considering the price, be must take cost of production (20) . There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for (21) a short time. However, no business person can (22) lose money for a prolonged (延长的) period. He must (23) of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.Many people have the impression that (24) production increases, costs per unit decrease. (25) mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, (26) logic and practical experience have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists (27) this principle as the law of increasing costs.The reason why (28) rise as production goes up is complex. However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, resulting (29) competitive bidding (出价) in the marketplace for the factors of production. If a producer needs (30) skilled labour to produce more, and none of this labour is unemployed, the producer will have to get (31) from other sources. This can be done by (32) higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labour is equally productive, (33) not all land is equally fertile (肥沃的) and not all ore is equally rich in the mineral wanted. 24（）
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原型化并不是孤立出现的事件，它是一个很活跃的过程，受控于项目管理。项目管理的功能包括5个方面：质量、资源、成本、时间和 【19】 。
1 He’d like to come down and apply for a (9) .2 He can apply for a visa any weekday between (10) and five o’clock.3 To apply for a visa, he needs to bring (11) and (12) ticket. 12（）
Have a Successful InterviewThe aim of a job interview is to establish whether you are likely to do well in a particular job in a specific organization. This is not only a matter of having the necessary technical knowledge and skills. You must also have the motivation, the ability to adapt to new ways of working and to a new work environment, and the personality to do the job and fit into a new team. The ability to cope with stress and get on with people is essential. These include getting on with people, oral and written communication, team working, problem solving and good time management.Most people think that interviewers know what they are looking for and will recognise it when they see it. (8) . This applies to recruiters as much as anyone else. In fact, a former head of selection at one big firm used to say that "some interviewers are so poor that they would do better to rely on chance."In companies which recognise this, various methods are used to try to find the right person. (9) . Research has shown that this approach is more reliable than the ordinary job interview, though not as effective as using personality tests or assessment centres.In a structured interview the interviewer groups the qualities listed in the job specification under various headings. There are two well-established structures for this: the National Institute of Industrial Psychology’s Seven-Point Plan and the Five-Fold Grading System. Both these systems cover factors such as physical appearance, qualifications, general intelligence, motivation and previous experience. (10) .However, they should not give equal weight to each one. Some factors are more important in one job than an other. For example, physical appearance and manner will be more important in a sales position than in a re searcher who works behind the scenes. It is also a fact that the impact the candidate makes in the first three or four minutes of an interview is of major importance. (11) . A decision not to hire is often made during those first few minutes.It is not always possible to tell whether structured interview techniques are being used if interviewers ask questions systematically, using some kind of checklist, and occasionally make a brief note, they probably are. On the other hand, if the interviewer goes through your application form to confirm what you have al ready said, or asks irrelevant questions, or jumps from one topic to another, the interview is unlikely to be structured. Before you attend any interview, look again at the job description and the personal specification. (12) . If you already have a mental list of the key points that you need to mention, you are unlikely to waste time giving irrelevant information or to omit important points in your favour. 12（）
For two candidatesIneffective time management is one of the major problems throughout the Workforce. You have been asked to put forward some suggestions for improving the situation. Discuss the situation together and decide:·Why poor time management can become a major concern·What procedures could be adopted to ensure that time is managed effectivelyFor three candidatesIneffective time management is one of the major problems throughout the workforce. You have been asked to put forward some suggestions for improving the situation. Discuss the situation together and decide:·Why poor time management can become a major concern·What procedures could be adopted to ensure that time is managed effectively·What rules should top managers come up with
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