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W: You got a big fish last weekendM: You’re right. That fish was so huge that it was enough for all of us. What does the man mean（）
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American doctors say mothers who smoke cigarettes may slow the growth of their children’ s lungs (肺). They said reduced lung growth could cause the children to suffer breathing problems and lung diseases (疾病) later in life. Doctors studied more than 1 100 children between the ages of five and nine. The mothers of some of the children smoked; the other mothers did not. Doctors tested the children once a year for five years to see how fast their lungs were growing. The test measured the amount of air the children could blow out of their lungs in one second. Children should be able to blow out more air each year because their lung-power increases as their lungs develop. But the doctors found that the lungs of the children whose mothers smoked had not developed as fast as they should. Doctors are not sure when the mothers’ smoking affected (影响) the children’s lungs. They say it could have happened before birth because the mothers smoked during pregnancy (怀孕) or it could have happened later when the children breathed smoke-filled air at home. Doctors also are not sure if reduced lung growth will affect the children’ s health when they have grown up. But they do know that children whose mothers smoked developed 20% more colds, flu (流感) and other breathing diseases than other children. So doctors feel there is a greater danger that such children will develop serious lung and breathing diseases later in life. Another recent study found that smokers have a greater chance of developing lung cancer (癌症，肿瘤) if their mothers smoked. That study found that the danger of lung cancer increased only for sons and .not for daughters. And it found that father’s smoking did not affect a person’s chances of developing lung cancer. Doctors found that the lungs of the children whose mothers smoked（）
案例分析题User programs interact with the kernel through a set of standard （）. They request services to be provided by the kernel. Such services would include accessing a file: open close, read, write, link, or execute a file; starting or（）accounting records; changing ownership of a file or （） ; changing to a new directory; creating, （） , or killing a process; enabling access to hardware devices; and setting limits on system resources. Unix is a multi -user, multi -tasking operating system. You can have many users logged into a system simultaneously, each running many programs. It’s the kernel’s job to keep each process and user separate and to regulate access to （） , including cpu, memory, disk and other L/O devices. changing ownership of a file or （）
People buy things with it.
For years, smokers have been exhorted to take the initiative and quit: use a nicotine patch, chew nicotine gum, take a prescription medication that can help, call a help line, just say no. But a new study finds that stopping is seldom an individual decision. Smokers tend to quit in groups, the study finds, which means smoking cessation programs should work best if they focus on groups rather than individuals. It also means that people may help many more than just themselves by quitting: quitting can have a ripple effect prompting an entire social network to break the habit. The study, by Dr. Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School and James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, followed thousands of smokers and nonsmokers for 32 years, from 1971 until 2003, studying them as part of a large network of relatives, co-workers, neighbors, friends and friends of friends. It was a time when the percentage of adult smokers in the United States fell to 21 percent from 45 percent. As the investigators watched the smokers and their social networks, they saw what they said was a striking effect—smokers had formed little social clusters and, as the years went by, entire clusters of smokers were stopping en masse. So were clusters of clusters that were only loosely connected. Dr. Christakis described watching the vanishing clusters as like lying on your back in a field, looking up at stars that were burning out. "It’s not like one little star turning off at a time," he said,"Whole constellations are blinking off at once. " As cluster after cluster of smokers disappeared, those that remained were pushed to the margins of society, isolated, with fewer friends, fewer social connections. "Smokers used to be the center of the party," Dr. Fowler said, "but now they’ve become wallflowers." "We’ve known smoking was bad for your physical health," he said,"But this shows it also is bad for your social health. Smokers are likely to drive friends away. " "There is an essential public health message," said Richard Suzman, director of the office of behavioral and social research at the National Institute on Aging, which financed the study. "Obviously, people have to take responsibility for their behavior," Mr. Suzman said. "But a social environment," he added, "can just overpower free will. " With smoking, that can be a good thing, researchers noted. But there also is a sad side. As Dr. Steven Sehroeder of the University of California, San Francisco, pointed out in an editorial accompanying the paper, "a risk of the marginalization of smoking is that it further isolates the group of people with the highest rate of smoking—persons with mental illness, problems with substance abuse, or both. \ Which of the following would be the best title for the text
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