4 In most earthquakes the Earth’s crust cracks like porcelain. Stress builds up until a fracture forms at the depth of a few kilometers and the crust slips to relieve the stress. Some earthquakes, however, take place hundreds of kilometers down in the Earth’s mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of cracking, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty. How can there be earthquakes at such depths That such deep events do occur has been accepted only since 1927, when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati convincingly demonstrated their existence. Instead of comparing the arri- val times of seismic waves at different locations, as earlier researchers had done, Wadati relied on a time difference between the arrival of primary (P) waves and the slower secondary (S) waves. Because P and S waves travel at different but fairly constant speeds; the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the earthquake focus, or a rupture point. For most earthquakes, Wadati discovered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter, the point on the surface where shaking is the strongest. For a few events, however, the delay was long enough at the epicenter. Wadati saw a similar pattern when he analyzed data on the intensity of shaking. Most earthquakes had a small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicenter, but others were characterized by a lower peak intensity, felt over a broader area. Both the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes: the more common shallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and the deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometers down. The question remained- how can such quakes occur, given that mantle rock at a depth of more than 50 kilometers is too flexible to store enough stress to fracture Wadati’s work suggested that deep events occur in areas (now called Wadati-Benioff zones ) where one crustal plate is forced under another and descends into the mantle. The descending rock is substantially cooler than the surrounding mantle and hence is less ductile and much more liable to fracture. According to the passage, if the S waves from an earthquake arrive at a given loca- tion long after the P waves, which of the following must be true
A. The earthquake was a deep event.
B. The earthquake was a shallow event.
C. The earthquake focus was distant.
D. The earthquake had a low peak intensity.
甲手持匕首寻找抢劫目标时,突遇精神病人丙持刀袭击。丙追赶甲至一死胡同,甲迫于无奈,与丙搏斗,将其打成重伤。此后,甲继续寻找目标,见到丁后便实施暴力,用匕首将其刺成重伤,使之丧失反抗能力,此时甲的朋友乙驾车正好经过此地,见状后下车和甲一起取走丁的财物(约2万元),然后逃跑,丁因伤势过重不治身亡:一周后,乙将赃物私下卖给了他人。 关于乙事后销赃的行为,下列说法正确的是( )。
A. 乙构成掩饰隐瞒犯罪所得罪
B. 乙的事后销赃行为属于事后不可罚行为
C. 乙的事后销赃行为侵犯了新的法益
D. 乙的事后销赃数额是量刑情节
4 In most earthquakes the Earth’s crust cracks like porcelain. Stress builds up until a fracture forms at the depth of a few kilometers and the crust slips to relieve the stress. Some earthquakes, however, take place hundreds of kilometers down in the Earth’s mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of cracking, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty. How can there be earthquakes at such depths That such deep events do occur has been accepted only since 1927, when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati convincingly demonstrated their existence. Instead of comparing the arri- val times of seismic waves at different locations, as earlier researchers had done, Wadati relied on a time difference between the arrival of primary (P) waves and the slower secondary (S) waves. Because P and S waves travel at different but fairly constant speeds; the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the earthquake focus, or a rupture point. For most earthquakes, Wadati discovered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter, the point on the surface where shaking is the strongest. For a few events, however, the delay was long enough at the epicenter. Wadati saw a similar pattern when he analyzed data on the intensity of shaking. Most earthquakes had a small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicenter, but others were characterized by a lower peak intensity, felt over a broader area. Both the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes: the more common shallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and the deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometers down. The question remained- how can such quakes occur, given that mantle rock at a depth of more than 50 kilometers is too flexible to store enough stress to fracture Wadati’s work suggested that deep events occur in areas (now called Wadati-Benioff zones ) where one crustal plate is forced under another and descends into the mantle. The descending rock is substantially cooler than the surrounding mantle and hence is less ductile and much more liable to fracture. The passage is primarily concerned with______.
A. demonstrating why the methods of early seismologists were flawed
B. defending a revolutionary theory about the causes of earthquakes and methods of predicting them
C. discussing the evidence for the existence of deep events and the conditions that al- low them to occur
D. comparing the effects of shallow events with those of deep events
数据结构包括三方面的内容:数据的逻辑结构、数据的存储结构和数据的_________。