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数据访问页中有两种视图方式:______和设计视图。

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《三经新义》

As in many other areas of human activity during the twentieth century, a number of specialized fields in accounting have evolved as a result of technological advances and accelerated economic growth. The most important accounting fields are described briefly as follows. Financial accounting is concerned with the recording of transactions for a business enterprise or other economic unit and the periodic preparation of various reports from such records. The reports, which may be for general purposes or for a special purpose, provide useful information for managers, owners, creditors, governmental agencies, and the general public. Of particular importance to financial accountants are the rules of accounting, and generally accepted accounting principles. Corporate enterprises must employ such principles in preparing their annual re ports on profitability and financial status for their stockholders and the investing public. Auditing is a field of activity involving an independent review of the accounting records. In conducting an audit, public accountants examine the records supporting the financial reports of an enterprise and give an opinion regarding their fairness and reliability. An important element of "fairness and reliability" is adherence to generally accepted accounting principles. In addition to retaining public accountants for a period audit, many corporations have their own permanent staff of internal auditors. Their principle responsibility is to determine if the various operating divisions are following management’s policies and procedures. Cost accounting emphasizes the de termination and the control of costs. It is concerned primarily with the costs of manufacturing processes and of manufactured products. In addition, one of the most important duties of the cost accountants is to gather and explain cost data, both actual and prospective. Management uses these data in controlling current operations and in planning for the future. Management accounting uses both historical and estimated data in assisting management in daily operations and in planning future operations. It deals with specific problems that confront enterprise managers at various organizational levels. The management accountant is frequently concerned with identifying alternative courses of action and then helping to select the best one. In recent years, public accountants have realized that their training and experience uniquely quality them to advise management personnel on policies and administration. Tax accounting is another important area. Accountants specialized in this field, must be familiar with the tax statutes affecting their employer or clients and also must keep up to date on administrative regulations and court decisions on tax cases. Financial report will NOT provide information for

A. non-governmental organizations
B. managers
C. creditors
D. governmental agencies

Aspects of Accounting A. supports B. brings C. causes D. increases

Accounting is one of the (21) ... professions on record. The art of bookkeeping has been practiced from very early times. The Romans had an elaborate system of keeping accounts, and it is said they used a system (22) ... to the double entry system. A review of accounting over the ages indicates accountants have not always done the same work, but they have (23) ... similar functions. For example, accountants in Roman times were responsible for recording business transactions. During the industrial (24) ... of the United States, much of the (25) ... came from England and Scotland and the investors insisted on sending accountants from those countries to vouch for the reported results of the undertakings. In the late 1800s a professional accountant was described as an (26) ... :someone who looks for leaks, someone who detects and exposes that which is wrong, and someone who clearly reports facts as they exist, whetherthey be plainly expressed by clear and distinct records or whether they be concealed or hidden. The infrastructure that (27) ... the production and delivery of accounting’s information product is the ac counting information system. Simply (28) ...,a system is a set of resources brought together to achieve some common goal. The (29) ...of an accounting information system is to collect and store data about business processes that can be used to generate a meaningful output for decision makers.
B. The resources (30) ... to build accounting information systems include people and technologies. As you are probably aware, technologies have evolved over the years from manual re sources to the advanced information technologies available today. This evolution will continue.

论述历史上经济重心逐渐南移的过程及其对中国社会的影响。

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