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春望 杜甫 国破山河在，城春草木深。 感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。 烽火连三月，家书抵万金。 白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪。 这首诗，首联描写“城春草木深”的景象有什么用意 从全诗来看，诗人“白头搔更短”的原因是什么
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Most American politicians say they support marriage, but few do much about it, except perhaps to sound off about the illusory threat to it from gays. The public are divided. Few want to go back to the attitudes or divorce laws of the 1950s. But many at both ends of the political spectrum lament the fragility of American families and would change, at least, the way the tax code penalises many couples who marry. And some politicians want the state to draw attention to benefits of marriage, as it does to the perils of smoking. George Bush is one.Since last year, his administration has been handing out grants to promote healthy marriages. This is a less preachy enterprise than you might expect. Sidonie Squier, the bureaucrat in charge, does not argue that divorce is wrong: "If you"re being abused, you should get out." Nor does she think the government should take a view on whether people should have pre-marital sex.Her budget for boosting marriage is tiny: $100m a year, or about what the Defence Department spends every two hours. Some of it funds research into what makes a relationship work well and whether outsiders can help. Most of the rest goes to groups that try to help couples get along better, some of which are religiously-inspired. The first 124 grants were disbursed only last September, so it is too early to say whether any of this will work. But certain approaches look hopeful.One is "marriage education". The army already does this. About 35,000 soldiers this year will get a 12-hour course on how to communicate better with their partners, and how to resolve disputes without throwing plates. It costs about $300 per family. Given that it costs $50,000 to recruit and train a rifleman, and that marital problems are a big reason why soldiers quit, you don"t have to save many marriages for this to be cost-effective, says Peter Frederich, the chaplain in charge.Several studies have shown that such courses do indeed help couples communicate better and quarrel less bitterly. As to whether they prevent divorce, a meta-analysis by Jason Carroll and William Doherty concluded that the jury was still out. The National Institutes of Health is paying for a five-year study of Mr Frederich"s soldiers to shed further light on the issue.At the end of the day, says Ms Squier, the government"s influence over the culture of marriage will be marginal. Messages from movies, peers and parents matter far more. But she does not see why, for example, the government"s only contact with an unmarried father should be to demand that he pay child support. By not even mentioning marriage, the state is implying that no one expects him to stick around. Is that a helpful message On the whole the soldiers ______.
At the present time, 98 percent of the world energy consumption comes from stored sources, such as fossil fuels or nuclear fuel. Only hydroelectric and wood energy represent completely renewable sources on ordinary time scales. Discovery of large additional fossil fuel reserves, solution of the nuclear safety and waste disposal problems, or the development of controlled thermonuclear fusion will provide only a short-term solution to the world"s energy crisis. Within about 100 years, the thermal pollution resulting from our increased energy consumption will make solar energy a necessity at any cost.Man"s energy consumption is currently about one part in ten thousand that of the energy we receive from the sun. However, it is growing at a 5 percent rate, of which about 2 percent represents a population growth and 3 percent a per capita energy increase. If this growth continues, within 100 years our energy consumption will be about 1 percent of the absorbed solar energy, enough to increase the average temperature of the earth by about one degree centigrade if stored energy continues to be our predominant source. This will be the point at which there will be significant effects in our climate, including the melting of the polar ice caps, a phenomenon which will raise the level of the oceans and flood parts of our major cities. There is positive feedback associated with this process, since the polar ice cap contributes to the partial reflectivity of the energy arriving from the sun. As the ice caps begin to melt, the reflectivity will decrease, thus heating the earth still further.It is often stated that the growth rate will decline or that energy conservation measures will preclude any long-range problem. Instead, this only postpones the problem by a few years. Conservation by a factor of two together with a maintenance of the 5 percent growth rate delays the problem by only 14 years. Reduction of the growth rate to 4 percent postpones the problem by only 25 years; in addition, the inequities in standards of living throughout the world will provide pressure toward an increase in growth rate, particularly if cheap energy is available. The problem of a changing climate will not be evident until perhaps ten years before it becomes critical due to the nature of an exponential growth rate together with the normal annual weather variations. This may be too short a period to circumvent the problem by converting to other energy sources, so advance planning is a necessity.The only practical means of avoiding the problem of thermal pollution appears to be the use of solar energy. Using the solar energy before it is dissipated to heat does not increase the earth"s energy balance. The cost of solar energy is extremely favorable now, particularly when compared to the cost of relocating many of our major cities. Which of the following would be the most logical topic for the author to address in a succeeding paragraph
组织学员分小组就特定的问题展开讨论的培训方式是______
以下是一位教师在写作课上的教学案例片段，阅读后请回答下列问题。 一次妙趣横生的作文教学 师：同学们，端午节快到了，我非常想到你们各家去过端午节，不知哪位同学愿意请我 生：(面露喜色，大声喊)老师到我家! 我愿意请您! 师：大家都愿意请我，我很高兴。但这样争也不是办法。我看这样吧，谁会做菜，而且做的菜色香味俱全，我就到谁家去做客。 生：(面露难色，不知如何回答) 师：这个条件可能让大家为难了。不过，离端午节还有好几天呢，如果同学们肯学，一定能学好，能请到我的。 学生：(兴高采烈)好，一言为定! 〔两天后的作文课上〕 师：同学们学会做菜了吗 生：(大声齐)学会了! 师：呀，这么快 跟谁学的 学生1：我跟爸爸学的。 …… 师：感谢你们的一片诚心。那你们都学会做什么菜了呢 一定做得很好吧 生：(不等老师叫，就纷纷起立，七嘴八舌、争先恐后地说起来。老师请了几位同学上讲台说给大家听) 师：刚才这几位同学都讲得不错。听他们一讲，我就知道菜一定做得不错，老师连口水都快流出来了。但全班这么多同学，不可能每个人都上来说，有什么办法能让老师知道每个同学学会做什么菜了，做菜的过程怎样呢 生：老师，让我们把做菜的过程和做的什么菜写出来，您不就知道了吗 师：这个主意真好。这样，老师不但能知道你们做的什么菜，而且还能比较一下，看谁的菜做得最好，我就到谁家去做客，好吗 生：好! 师：好就快写吧。 这则作文教学与传统的作文教学有什么不同 它对你有什么启示
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