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Debate over the Use of Renewable EnergyAusubel of Rockefeller University in New York, US says the key renewable (可再生的) energy sources, including sun, wind and biofuels, would all require vast amounts of land if developed up to large scale production - unlike nuclear power. That land would be far better (51) alone, he says. Renewables look (52) when they are quite small. But if we start producing renewable energy on a large (53) , the fallout (结果) is going to be horrible.Ausubel draws his conclusions by analysing the amount of energy that renewables, natural gas and nuclei (原子核) can (54) in terms of power per square metre of land used. Moreover, he claims that (55) renewable energy use increases, this measure of efficiency will decrease as the best land for wind, biofuels, and solar power gets used up.Solar power is much more (56) than biofuel in terms of the area of land used, but it would still (57) 150 square kilometres of photovoltaic (光电的) cells to match the energy production of the 1000 MW nuclear plant. In another example, he says (58) the 2005 US electricity demand via wind power alone would need 780,000 square kilometres, an area the (59) of Texas.However, several experts are highly critical of Ausubel’s (60) . John Turner of the US government’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory says that even if the US got all of its (61) from solar energy, it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been paved over (62) highways. Further, it need not (63) up additional land. The US could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of existing buildings, he says.According to Turner, the same "dual use" also (64) to wind power. "The footprint for wind is only 5% of the land that it (65) . Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on." Turner says looking solely at land use is an oversimplification of the issue. 51（）
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第三篇Why Humans Walk on Two LegsA team of scientists that studied chimpanzees (黑猩猩) trained to use treadmills(跑步机) has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours.Michael Sockol, researcher of UC Davis, worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to coax (劝诱) adult chimps to walk on two legs and to walk on ail fours.The five chimps also wore face masks used to help the researchers measure oxygen consumption. While the chimps worked out, the scientists collected data that allowed them to calculate which method of locomotion (移动) used less energy and why. The team gathered the same information for four adult humans walking on a treadmill.The researchers found that human walking used about 75 percent less energy and burned 75 percent fewer calories than quadrupedal and bipedal walking in chimpanzees. They also found that for some but not all of the chimps, walking on two legs was no more costly than on all fours."We were prepared to find that all of the chimps used more energy walking on two legs -but that finding wouldn’t have been as interesting," Sockol said. "What we found was much more telling. For three chimps, bipedalism was more expensive, but for the other two chimps, this wasn’t the case. One spent about the same energy walking on two legs as on all fours. The other used less energy walking upright." These two chimps had different gaits (步法) and anatomy (解剖) than their quadrupedal peers.Taken together, the findings provide support for the hypothesis that anatomical (解剖学的) differences affecting gait existed among our earliest apelike ancestors, and that these differences provided the geneticvariation which natural selection could act on when changes in the environment gave bipeds an advantage over quadrupeds.Fossil and molecular evidence suggests the earliest ancestors of the human family lived in forested areas in equatorial Africa in the late Miocene era (中世纪) some 8 to 10 million years ago, when changes in climate may have increased the distance between food patches. That would have forced our earliest ancestors to travel longer distances on the ground and favored those who could cover more ground using less energy."This isn’t the complete answer," Sockol said. "But it’s a good piece of a puzzle humans have always wondered about: How and why did we become human And why do we alone walk on two legs" What does fossil and molecular evidence tell us about our earliest ancestors（）
第一篇Centers of the Great European CitiesThe centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere.Squares, plazas (广场) and arcades (拱廊) form the heart of Europe’s cities.Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco - a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. London’s Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats (杂质演员) and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop (背景) to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.These vibrant (有活力的) hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. "The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don’t see all the mistakes," said Garreau. "Those have all been removed." Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to people’s homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans’ life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence.Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Pads whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos (浓咖啡) and cigarettes.Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and caters not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community. Why do people think that Venice is so great（）
案例三（一）资料2009年4月，某审计组对丙公司2008年度财务收支情况进行审计。有关货币资金业务审计的情况和资料如下：1.审计人员在对货币资金业务相关内部控制进行调查时了解到：（1）出纳员同时负责现金日记账和银行存款日记账的记录；（2）为便于及时支付款项，支票和印章由出纳员统一保管；（3）3万元以下的付款业务，会计人员可以直接办理，3万元以上的付款业务，则需会计主管审批后方可办理；（4）会计主管定期核对银行存款日记账与银行对账单，并编制银行存款余额调节表。2.通过调查了解内部控制并进行相关测试，审计人员确定货币资金业务审计的重点为证实货币资金业务的真实性、截止期和收付业务的合法性。3.审计人员对该公司库存现金进行监盘，并采取了以下程序：（1）4月16日临近下班时进行监盘；（2）事先未通知财务部门；（3）要求出纳员清点现金，会计主管和审计人员在旁监督；（4）“库存现金盘点表”由出纳员、会计主管和审计人员共同签字后，作为审计工作底稿留存。4.通过现金监盘，审阅现金日记账及有关收付款凭证，审计人员发现：（1）4月16日现金日记账余额为7693.30元，实际库存现金监盘数为2243.30元（2）审计人员在保险柜中发现一些单据：一是职工王某差旅费借款单一张，金额为3000元；二是已付款的报销凭证3张，金额合计4050元；三是已经收到款的现金销售凭证2张，金额合计2200元。5.审计人员发现该公司2008年12月银行对账单余额与银行存款日记账余额不符，决定采取进一步审计程序进行追踪。（二）要求：根据上述资料，为下列问题从备选答案中选出正确的答案。 “资料4”中，该公司4月16日现金日记账余额应是（）。
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