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Some people are friendly drunks, whereas others are hostile, potentially posing a danger to themselves and others. The difference may 41 in their ability to foresee the consequences of their actions, according to a recent study.Brad Bushman, a psychologist at Ohio State University, and his colleagues asked nearly 500 volunteers to play a simple game. The subjects, an even mix of women and men, believed they were competing 42 an opponent to press a button as quickly as possible. In 43 , they were simply using a computer program that randomly decided 44 they had won or lost. When they lost, they 45 a shock. When the "opponent" lost, the participant gave the shock and chose how long and 46 it should be. 47 playing, the participants completed a survey designed to 48 their general concern for the 49 consequences of their actions. Half the participants then received enough alcohol mixed with orange juice to make them legally 50 , and the other half received a drink with a very 51 amount of alcohol in it. Subjects who expressed little interest in consequences were more likely to 52 longer, stronger shocks. In the 53 group, they were slightly more aggressive than people who 54 about consequences. When drunk, 55 , their aggressiveness was off the charts. "They are 56 the most aggressive people in the study," Bushman says.The good news is this 57 can be changed. Michael McKloskey, a psychologist at Temple University, explains that if 58 people can learn to see the 59 more realistically, they"re able to stay calmer and develop a sense of 60 over their consequences.
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What does the hamburger say about our modern food economy A lot, actually. Over the past several years Waldo Jaquith intended to make a hamburger from scratch, to no avail. "Further 21 revealed that it"s quite impractical— 22 impossible—to make a hamburger from scratch," he writes. "Tomatoes are in season in the late summer. Lettuce is in season in spring and fall. Large mammals are 23 in early winter. The process of making 24 burger would take nearly a year and would inherently involve omitting some core hamburger 25 ."That the hamburger—our delicious and comforting everyman food—didn"t 26 100 years ago is a greasy, shiny example of all that is both right 27 wrong with our modern food economy. 28 fertilizers, genetically modified crops, concentrated farming operations and global overnight shipping, much of the world was lifted out of starvation 29 it could finally grow 30 quantities of food with decreasing labor 31 .But these same advances 32 allow food to be grown out of 33 and in all comers of the globe contribute to a whole host of environmental 34 . The "industrialization of food," as author Paul Roberts puts it, is an endless cycle driven by very small price 35 that force food processors to 36 more advanced techniques to produce even more food 37 lower prices. This system will only be aggravated as food demand 38 . Recently David Tilman and Jason Hill of the University of Minnesota released a study 39 that global food demand could double by 2050. It"s 40 that our current, impractical food economy can sustain that demand.
Human males hying with their moms may not expect to have much luck hooking up this Valentine"s Day. 1 among the northern Muriqui monkeys, males that spend the most time around their mothers seem to get a(n) 2 boost when mating time rolls around.The findings, published in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, suggest that females in some species 3 have evolved to play a critical role in their sons" reproductive 4 . Karen Strier, the paper"s lead author and a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, says the paper " 5 " the so-called grandmother hypothesis, a concept 6 human females evolved to live past their 7 reproductive years to spend more time 8 offspring.The research team observed and 9 genetic data from a group of 67 wild monkeys living in a protected reserve in Brazil"s Atlantic Forest: infants, mothers and possible fathers. They found that six out of the thirteen 10 males they studied spent more time around their mothers 11 would be expected by chance. These same six monkeys, on 12 , reproduced the greatest number of offspring.The investigators are still trying to 13 out why. "It"s not like we see moms intervening and helping their sons out," Strier says. "Maybe 14 sitting near their moms, they get to see when females are 15 active, or maybe they just get more familiar with other 16 ."The findings can 17 with future conservation efforts for the critically 18 animals. Strier says, "the 19 tiring we would want to do is 20 a male out of the group where it was born."
Human males hying with their moms may not expect to have much luck hooking up this Valentine"s Day. 1 among the northern Muriqui monkeys, males that spend the most time around their mothers seem to get a(n) 2 boost when mating time rolls around.The findings, published in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, suggest that females in some species 3 have evolved to play a critical role in their sons" reproductive 4 . Karen Strier, the paper"s lead author and a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, says the paper " 5 " the so-called grandmother hypothesis, a concept 6 human females evolved to live past their 7 reproductive years to spend more time 8 offspring.The research team observed and 9 genetic data from a group of 67 wild monkeys living in a protected reserve in Brazil"s Atlantic Forest: infants, mothers and possible fathers. They found that six out of the thirteen 10 males they studied spent more time around their mothers 11 would be expected by chance. These same six monkeys, on 12 , reproduced the greatest number of offspring.The investigators are still trying to 13 out why. "It"s not like we see moms intervening and helping their sons out," Strier says. "Maybe 14 sitting near their moms, they get to see when females are 15 active, or maybe they just get more familiar with other 16 ."The findings can 17 with future conservation efforts for the critically 18 animals. Strier says, "the 19 tiring we would want to do is 20 a male out of the group where it was born."
What does the hamburger say about our modern food economy A lot, actually. Over the past several years Waldo Jaquith intended to make a hamburger from scratch, to no avail. "Further 21 revealed that it"s quite impractical— 22 impossible—to make a hamburger from scratch," he writes. "Tomatoes are in season in the late summer. Lettuce is in season in spring and fall. Large mammals are 23 in early winter. The process of making 24 burger would take nearly a year and would inherently involve omitting some core hamburger 25 ."That the hamburger—our delicious and comforting everyman food—didn"t 26 100 years ago is a greasy, shiny example of all that is both right 27 wrong with our modern food economy. 28 fertilizers, genetically modified crops, concentrated farming operations and global overnight shipping, much of the world was lifted out of starvation 29 it could finally grow 30 quantities of food with decreasing labor 31 .But these same advances 32 allow food to be grown out of 33 and in all comers of the globe contribute to a whole host of environmental 34 . The "industrialization of food," as author Paul Roberts puts it, is an endless cycle driven by very small price 35 that force food processors to 36 more advanced techniques to produce even more food 37 lower prices. This system will only be aggravated as food demand 38 . Recently David Tilman and Jason Hill of the University of Minnesota released a study 39 that global food demand could double by 2050. It"s 40 that our current, impractical food economy can sustain that demand.
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