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That social institutions influence the formation of character has become a generally accepted proposition. This doctrine views individuals as but compliant recipients of social influence: personalities are entirely the products of society, and at any point in life an individual’s personality can be changed by management of the social world. Crime is said to exist only because society has in some ways failed in its responsibility to give every person the resources to lead a productive life. However, whereas it is tree that extreme poverty forces some people to steal, it is obvious that some persons will commit crimes no matter how well society treats them. Which of the following is implied by the "doctrine" (line 2) described in the passage above

A. Social institutions may reflect personality as much as they shape it.
B. Social influence on personality is most strongly felt by the affluent.
C. The concentration of wealth in the hands of a privileged few accounts for the existence of crime.
D. Bringing about social reform is the most likely means of curtailing crime.
E. (E) Less severe punishment of crime would be likely to result in more crime.

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Shanna: Owners of any work of art, simply by virtue of ownership, ethically have the right to destroy that artwork if they find it morally or aesthetically distasteful, or if caring for it becomes inconvenient. Jorge: Ownership of unique artworks, unlike ownership of other kinds of objects carries the moral right to possess but not to destroy. A unique work of art with aesthetic or historical value belongs to posterity and so must be preserved, whatever the personal wishes of its legal owner. On the basis of their statements, Shanna and Jorge are committed to disagreeing about the truth of which one of the following statements

Anyone who owns a portrait presenting his or her father in an unflattering light would for that reason alone be ethically justified in destroying it.
B. People who own aesthetically valuable works of art have no moral obligation to make them available for public viewing.
C. Valuable paintings by well-known artists are seldom intentionally damaged or destroyed by their owners.
D. If a piece of sculpture is not unique, its owner has no ethical obligation to preserve it if doing so proves burdensome.
E. (E) It is legally permissible for a unique and historically valuable mural to be destroyed by its owner if he or she tires of it.

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The body of anyone infected by virus X will, after a week, produce antibodies to fight the virus; the antibodies will increase in number for the next year or so. There is now a test that reliably indicates how many antibodies are present in a person’s body. If positive, this test can be used during the first year of infection to estimate to within a month how long that person has had the virus. Which one of the following conclusions is best supported by the statements above

Antibodies increase in number only until they have defeated the virus.
B. Without the test for antibodies, there is no way of establishing whether a person has virus X.
C. Antibodies are produced only for viral infections that cannot be fought by any other body defenses.
D. If a person remains infected by virus X indefinitely, there is no limit to the number of antibodies that can be present in the person’s body.
E. (E) Anyone infected by virus X will for a time fail to exhibit infection if tested by the antibody test.

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简述终端作业的执行步骤。

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Anyone who has owned a car knows that saving money in the short run by skimping on relatively minor repairs and routine maintenance will prove very costly in the long rim. However, this basic truth is often forgotten by those who call for reduced government spending on social programs. Which of the following is NOT implied by the analogy above as a point of comparison

A. Money that is spent on repairs and maintenance helps to ensure the continued functioning of a car.
B. Owners can take chances on not maintaining or repairing their cars.
C. In order to keep operating, cars will normally need some work.
D. The problems with a car will become worse if they are not attended to.
E. (E) A car will last for only a limited period of time and then must be replaced.

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