Obesity is defined as body weight of 15 percent or more above the ideal for one’s height and age. (62) this criterion, about one third of the adult population of the United States is obese. The (63) of obesity vary in different races, cultures, sub-cultures, and social classes. In industrialized countries, fatness tends to be (64) correlated with socioeconomic status: people in lower social classes tend to be more obese. In economically backward nations, the direction of the correlation is reversed; the richer, the fatter. The situation in the underdeveloped world probably approximates the (65) of affairs through most of human evolution. Particularly for women, (66) pregnancies could (67) into times of scarcity, larger internal food (68) were adapted in the face of variable external reserves. A. reserves B. preserves C. conservationsD. reservations
Although obesity may sound like a (n) (69) phenomenon, it is to some degree (70) relative. A study of black and white undergraduates yielded (71) results. Even though blacks, and especially black females, were heavier than whites, they were more satisfied with their weight and less likely to find weight in other people (72) Men were more concerned (73) the weight of their dates than women were, but black men were (74) likely to refuse to date a woman because of her weight.
B. Contemporary North American culture is (75) with thinness, particularly for women. Compared to the Rubenesque view of beauty of just a few centuries ago, the prototypes of feminine beauty (76) in the mass media today look emaciated, that is, extremely thin. The standards have even changed (77) since the 1950s, when the prototype was replete with large breasts and slightly protruding abdomen. A study of Playboy centerfolds found a ten percent decrease in the ratio of weight to height from the late 1950s to the late 1970s, (78) by a dramatic increase in the number of articles on dieting in popular women’s magazines. In (79) to contemporary Western societies, some other cultures (80) beauty with bulk. This most often occurs in societies in which food is scarce, (81) women who are healthy and have more resources tend to be heavier and hence are seen as more attractive.
Each culture has its own form of acceptable greeting behavior, usually based on the level of formality found within the society. The rules of social distance etiquette (礼节) vary by culture. Africans, for ex- ample, are far less (47) in their greetings than Europeans. Expect a warm physical greeting, an ex- tended handshake or a hand on the shoulder in most African cultures. Also expect to be asked how your trip was and how your family is doing. The tradition of long greetings stems (48) the time when Africans once walked miles to visit neighboring villages on social calls. The arrival and a gushing (说话滔滔不绝的) greeting was considered the (49) a villager could do for a traveler. Don’t be impatient with such a long drawn-out(冗长乏味的) (50) and don’t burry things along. Rather, get into the spirit and appreciate that the person you came to see is prepared to take the time to sincerely (51) about your welfare. In Argentina, greetings are usually effusive(过分热情的) with plenty of hugging and (52) , not unlike the French faire la bise ( kiss on both cheeks). This is even the case in business meetings, unless they are of a highly formal nature. In Argentina, men kiss women, women kiss women, (53) men do not kiss men. By contrast the Chinese way of greeting shuns(回避) the physical. It is (54) a nod or a slight bow. However, when dealing with individuals from cultures where more direct physical contact is the norm, e.g. , a handshake, the Chinese will (55) and shake hands. Don’t interpret a soft hand- shake or lack of eye contact as a sign of weakness or lack of aggression. It simply means that your Chinese colleague is, not overly (56) to physical contact when greeting a stranger. A. from B. structured C. but D. generally E. expedition F. inquire G. adapt H. kissing I. investigate J. touching K. used L. least M. exchange N. chance O. involved